Fig. 3

GP prevents HFD-induced inflammation, endotoxemia and insulin resistance in rats. a Serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 amounts in each group were compared with those of the NAFLD group (n = 10 for each group). b TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA levels in hepatic tissues as assessed by RT-qPCR, compared with the NAFLD group (n = 10 for each group). c Serum concentrations of INS, GLU and HOMA-IR in each group were compared with those of the NAFLD group (n = 10 for each group). Data are mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (one-way ANOVA with Newman–Keuls post hoc analysis). d Protein amounts were normalized to Actin expression, and the relative ratios based on the Control group are shown below the immunoblots