Fig. 3

Anti-inflammatory activities of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Nymphaea lotus leaves (NLE, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.), diclofenac (2 mg/kg) and hydrocortisone (4 mg/kg) on the paw oedema size in normal SD rats. Chart a shows the time course effects over a 24-h period; chart b shows the total percentage paw oedema’s area under the curve (AUC) over the 24-h period. Data are mean value ± standard error on the mean (SEM), (n = 5). *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 when compared to the negative control group, using one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s Multiple Comparison Test