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Table 2 The characteristics of wrist-ankle acupuncture intervention

From: Wrist-ankle acupuncture has a positive effect on cancer pain: a meta-analysis

Author, year

Needle specifications; angles of needling insertion; exposed length of needle body; needle retention time; course of treatment

Shen, 2000 [19]

Not reported; 15°; 1 cm; 24–72 h; 10 days/course, 2 courses

Hu, 2004 [20]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; not reported; 10–12 h; 10 days/course, 1 course

Han, 2012 [21]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; not reported; 10–12 h; 10 days/course, 1 course

Zeng, 2014 [22]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; not reported; 6 h; 1 time treatment

Dong, 2015 [23]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; 2 mm; 10 h; not reported

Wang, 2017 [24]

Not reported; 30°; 1 mm; 12 h; 10 day/course, 3 courses

Dong, 2018 [25]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; 1 mm; 10–12 h; 7 days/course

Zhang, 2018 [26]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; not reported; 1–2 h; 14 days/course, 1 course

Su, 2018 [27]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; not reported; not reported; 9–12 h; 10 days/course, 1 course

Fu, 2019 [28]

0.25 mm × 250 mm; 30°; not reported; 1 h; not reported

Luan, 2019 [29]

0.3 mm × 25 mm; 30°; 2 mm; 1 h; not reported

Wu, 2019 [30]

0.2 mm × 25 mm; 20–30°; 1 mm; 12 h; 10 days/course, 1 course

Xu, 2020 [31]

0.3 mm × 25 mm; not reported; 0 mm; 2–12 h; not reported