Comparative in vitro analysis of inhibition of rhinovirus and influenza virus replication by mucoactive secretolytic agents and plant extracts

Table 1 Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of test items and control compounds

Compounds/Extracts	Units	50% Cytotoxic concentration in				50% Inhibitory concentration against								Selectivity index against
		50% Cytotoxic concentration in				Rhinoviruses				Influenza A viruses				Influenza A viruses
		HeLa cells		MDCK cells		A2		B14		Jena/8178		HK/68		Jena/8178	HK/68
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Pleconaril	μM	28.75	8.06	n.d.		0.008	0.003	0.025	0.009	n.d.		n.d.
Zanamivir	μM	n.d.		> 100^a		n.d.		n.d.		0.007	0.004	0.008	0.003	> 14,285	> 12,500
Bromhexine	μM	51.85	9.80	51.29	9.08	n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.
Ambroxol	μM	61.24	42.03	> 100^a		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.
N-acetylcysteine	μM	> 100^a		> 100^a		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.		n.a.
Thyme extract	% v/v	> 0.5^a		0.32	0.07	n.a.		n.a.		0.03	0.01	0.03	0.00	11	11
Pelargonium extract	μg/ml	> 100^a		> 100^a		n.a.		n.a.		7.80	2.55	11.67	6.03	> 13	> 9

Means and standard deviation (SD) of the calculated 50% cytotoxic and the 50% inhibitory concentrations are shown
n.d not determined, n.a not active up to the maximum non-cytotoxic concentration
^amore than 50% viability at the maximum tested concentration. Therefore, the 50% cytotoxic concentration is assumed to be higher than 100 μg/ml, 100 μM, or 0.5% v/v

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