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Table 5 Primary and secondary outcomes at week 12 for the hypnosis and control groups, means and mean group differences with 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for respective baseline value and center

From: Group hypnosis for stress reduction and improved stress coping: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

  

Hypnosis

Control

Control vs Hypnosis

N

Adjusted mean (95% CI)

Adjusted mean (95% CI)

Adjusted mean difference(95% CI)

P value

VAS stress intensity [mm]a

90

41.1 (33.5; 48.8)

55.9 (48.2; 63.5)

−14.7 (−25.1; −4.4)

0.006

Perception of stress (CPSS score)a

89

13.8 (12.1; 15.4)

19.0 (17.3; 20.6)

−5.2 (−7.4; −3.0)

<.001

Depression (ADS-K score)a

89

20.6 (18.9; 22.4)

25.4 (23.7; 27.1)

−4.8 (− 7.1; −2.5)

<.001

Self-Efficacy (SWE score)b

89

29.7 (28.6; 30.8)

26.4 (25.2; 27.5)

3.3 (1.8; 4.9)

<.001

SF-36b

 Physical Component Summaryb

90

51.2 (48.9; 53.4)

51.4 (49.2; 53.5)

−0.2 (−3.1; 2.7)

0.895

 Mental Component Summaryb

90

49.3 (46.5; 52.2)

40.2 (37.4; 43.0)

9.1 (5.3; 12.8)

<.001

SF-36b Subscores

 Physical functioning

90

90.4 (87.2; 93.7)

89.9 (86.8; 93.1)

0.5 (−3.8; 4.7)

0.829

 Role limitations due to physical health

90

87.9 (79.7; 96.1)

73.9 (65.9; 81.9)

14.0 (3.3; 24.8)

0.011

 Role limitations due to emotional problems

90

90.2 (80.5; 99.9)

67.2 (57.6; 76.8)

23.0 (10.2; 35.9)

0.001

 Vitality

90

58.7 (52.8; 64.5)

44.4 (38.7; 50.2)

14.2 (6.5; 21.9)

0.001

 Emotional well-being

90

74.6 (70.0; 79.2)

59.5 (55.0; 64.0)

15.1 (9.1; 21.1)

<.001

 Social functioning

90

79.4 (72.4; 86.3)

70.0 (63.3; 76.7)

9.4 (0.2; 18.5)

0.046

 Pain

90

78.9 (71.8; 86.1)

72.2 (65.4; 79.0)

6.7 (−2.7; 16.1)

0.160

 General health perception

90

69.1 (64.6; 73.6)

63.8 (59.3; 68.2)

5.4 (−0.6; 11.3)

0.075

  1. CI confidence interval, VAS visual analog scale, CPSS Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, ADS-K Allgemeine Depressions-Skala Kurzform (depression), SWE Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (self-efficacy), SF-36 Short-Form-Survey (quality of life)
  2. a lower values indicate better status, b higher values indicate better status