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Table 4 Primary and secondary outcomes at week 5 for the hypnosis and control groups, means and mean group differences with 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for respective baseline value and center

From: Group hypnosis for stress reduction and improved stress coping: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

  

Hypnosis

Control

Control vs Hypnosis

N

Adjusted mean (95% CI)

Adjusted mean (95% CI)

Adjusted mean difference (95% CI)

P value

VAS stress intensity [mm]a

88

41.8 (35.2; 48.4)

62.9 (56.2; 69.7)

−21.2 (−30.1; -12.2)

<.001

Perceived stress (CPSS score)a

88

14.7 (13.1; 16.3)

20.3 (18.7; 22.0)

−5.7 (−7.8; −3.5)

<.001

Depression (ADS-K score)a

88

20.3 (18.5; 22.1)

25.1 (23.3; 26.9)

−4.9 (−7.2; −2.5)

0.001

Self-Efficacy (SWE score)b

88

30.00 (28.9; 31.1)

26.6 (25.5; 27.7)

3.4 (2.0; 4.9)

<.001

SF-36b

 Physical Component Summaryb

88

51.6 (49.6; 53.6)

51.8 (49.8; 53.8)

−0.3 (−2.9; 2.4)

0.848

 Mental Component Summaryb

88

48.4 (45.7; 51.1)

39.2 (36.5; 41.9)

9.2 (5.6; 12.8)

<.001

SF-36b Subscores

 Physical functioning

88

90.8 (87.9; 93.8)

91.1 (88.1; 94.1)

−0.3 (−4.2; 3.7)

0.897

 Role limitations due to physical health

88

83.0 (73.8; 92.2)

72.8 (63.6; 82.1)

10.2 (−2.0; 22.4)

0.101

 Role limitations due to emotional problems

88

80.1 (70.1; 90.0)

58.9 (48.8; 69.0)

21.2 (7.9; 34.6)

0.002

 Vitality

88

60.1 (54.5; 65.6)

42.1 (36.4; 47.7)

18.0 (10.6; 25.4)

<.001

 Emotional well-being

88

73.7 (69.4; 78.1)

59.7 (55.3; 64.1)

14.0 (8.3; 19.8)

<.001

 Social functioning

88

82.7 (76.8; 88.7)

72.62 (66.7; 78.5)

10.1 (2.2; 18.1)

0.013

 Pain

88

79.7 (73.3; 86.00)

74.2 (68.0; 80.3)

5.5 (−2.9; 13.9)

0.200

 General health perception

88

68.7 (64.1; 73.4)

61.2 (56.5; 65.8)

7.6 (1.4; 13.7)

0.017

  1. CI confidence interval, VAS visual analog scale, CPSS Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, ADS-K Allgemeine Depressions-Skala Kurzform (depression), SWE Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (self-efficacy), SF-36 Short-Form-Survey (quality of life)
  2. a lower values indicate better status, b higher values indicate better status