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Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: The effectiveness of Baduanjin exercise for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ID

Year

Stage

Disease course (years)

Male/ Female

Age (EG/CG)

 

Intervention(s) of the EG

Intervention(s) of the CG

Details of /

Outcomes

Duration (days)

Number of subjects (EG/CG)

EB +  vs.

Pan

2010

I

EG:1.50 ± 1.20 CG:1.70 ± 0.80

EG:14/10 CG:13/11

62.10 ± 5.80

61.40 ± 7.10

EB + 

Thiazide diuretics, Gastrodia and Uncaria Decoction

SBP, DBP, GLU, TG, TC, HDL-C, Insulin

168

24/24

Chen

2012

I, II

EG:10 ± 8 CG:11 ± 7

EG:25/15 CG:23/17

59 ± 6

60 ± 5

EB + 

Nifedipine extended-release tablets 10-20 mg/time, 2times/d

SBP, DBP, Serum hs-CRP

168

40/40

Chen

2013

I

EG:9.13 ± 3.69 CG:8.30 ± 4.36

EG:13/14 CG:16/12

70.06 ± 3.51

69.23 ± 3.72

EB + 

Anneizhen 5 mg or Norvasc 5 mg or Telmisartan 80 mg, 1 time/d

SBP, DBP, Serum NO, Plasma ET-1

84

30/30

Liao

2013

I, II

EG:4.80 ± 2.10 CG:3.90 ± 3.10

EG:38/32 CG:36/34

60.50 ± 11.80

62.70 ± 9.50

EB + 

Walking 40 min + Amlodipine 5 mg, 1 time/d

SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, TG, BMI, HbA1c, Waist, Insulin

180

70/70

Liang

2014

I, II

EG:4.30 ± 3.00 CG:4.70 ± 3.20

EG:20/10 CG:18/12

54.80 ± 7.60

55.70 ± 8.80

EB + 

NR

SDP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C

180

30/30

Yang

2014

I, II

NR

EG:19/16 CG:13/22

60.07 ± 5.84

60.60 ± 7.37

EB + 

NR

SBP, DBP, SF-36, Heart Rate, Respiration

168

35/35

He

2015

I

EG:8.23 ± 3.73 CG:8.51 ± 3.42

EG:22/20 CG:23/19

68.51 ± 2.97

69.24 ± 2.45

EB + 

NR

SBP, DBP

90

42/42

Chen

2016

I

EG:8.12 ± 3.53 CG:8.61 ± 3.32

EG:15/13 CG:14/14

69.98 ± 3.31

70.29 ± 1.77

EB + 

NR

SBP, DBP

84

28/28

Liang

2016

Isolated systolic hypertension

EG:9.3 ± 2.6 CG:11.9 ± 5.8

EG:17/13 CG:16/14

68.1 ± 10.1

70.5 ± 10.2

EB + 

Amlodipine 5 mg, 1 time/d (add Valsartan 80 mg, 1time/d, when necessary)

SBP, DBP, Self-made quality of life scale

90

30/30

Lin

2017

I

NR

62/54

58 ± 7.48

 

EB + 

Amlodipine 5 mg or

Telmisartan 80 mg, 1time/d

SBP, DBP, Heart Rate, NO, ET-1

180

58/58

EB + . vs.

Dong

2016

I

0.42 ± 0.08

34/26

51.40 ± 4.20

 

EB + 

Routine health education

DBP, SBP

60

30/30

Yu

2013

I

NR

NR

NR

NR

EB + 

Intensive education per 2 months during the treatment period

SBP, DBP, BMI, WHR

360

52/52

Shi

2017

I

EG:2.55 ± 1.36 CG:2.67 ± 1.25

EG:19/11 CG1:18/12

42.65 ± 9.85

41.58 ± 9.12

EB + 

Low-salt and low-fat diet education

SBP, DBP

180

30/30

Li

2019

I

EG ≤ 5,23>5,6CG: ≤5,20;>5,7

EG:6/23 CG:6/21

57.41 ± 3.38

55.81 ± 4.09

EB + 

Diet education

FBG, SBP, DBP, HbA1C

360

30/30

  1. Abbreviations: EG = Experimental Group; CG = Control Group; NR = Not Reported; EB = Eight Brocades = Baduanjin Qigong; I = hypertension of type I; II = hypertension of type II;  = Routine treatment; Health education; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP = Diastolic Blood Pressure GLU = Glucose; TG = Serum Total Triglyceride, TC = Serum Total Cholesterol; HDL-C = High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; LDL-C = Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol; Anneizhen = Domestic produced amlodipine besylate tablets. NR = Not Reported