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Table 1 Characteristics of the 43 included studies

From: Oral herbal medicine for women with intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Study ID

Sample size (T/C)

Age (yrs, MD ± SD)

Gestational age of onset (wks, MD ± SD)

Gestational times

Intervention

Control

Course of treatment

Outcome

Comparison 1. Chinese medicine vs. Conventional medicine

 Zhang [31], 2006

48/50

26.7

28–38

Primipara

Self prescribed prescription

SAMe+Reduced glutathione

7d a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses

4, 6, 11

 Yang [32], 2015

30/30

T:27.2 ± 4.0

C:27.4 ± 3.9

Not reported

M/P:11/19

M/P:13/17

Yinzhihuang oral liquid

UDCA

21d

2, 5, 9, 12

 Li et al. [33], 2015

60/60

T:30.5

C:28.8

T:32.4

C:33.4

T:1.44

C:1.54

Yinchenhao

Decoction

UDCA+SAMe

30d for Chinese medicine,10 d for medicine

2, 6, 9, 10, 11

 Huang and Liu [34], 2004

35/25

T:34.5 ± 1.9

C:35.1 ± 2.2

T:34.5 ± 1.9

C:35.1 ± 2.2

Primipara

Yinchenhao

Decoction

SAMe

21d

1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11

 Zhang et al. [35], 2006

31/29

26.8

29–40

Not reported

Jiaweiyinchen

Decoction

DXM

7d

1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12

Comparison 2. Chinese medicine + Conventional medicine vs. Conventional medicine

 Wang et al. [36], 2016

40/40

T:29 ± 4.1

C:29.5 ± 4.2

Not reported

Not reported

Yinzhihuang oral liquid+C

UDCA+SAMe

7d

2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12

 Zhou et al. [37], 2017

30/30

T:26.3 ± 2.4

C:27.6 ± 2.1

Not reported

Not reported

Yinchailishi Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe

14d

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12

 Liu et al. [38], 2015

78/78

T:26.5 ± 7.4

C:26.2 ± 7.6

Not reported

T:1.4 ± 0.8

C:1.5 ± 0.7

Yinchenlidan Decoction+C

SAMe+DXM

14d

1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 10

 Wang X et al. [39], 2016

55/55

T:25.1 ± 4.2

C:25.3 ± 3.8

Not reported

Not reported

Danyu Decoction+C

UDCA

14d

2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12

 Yu [40], 2017

29/28

T:30.4 ± 3.5

C:31.2 ± 3.6

Not reported

Not reported

Yinzhijiangdansuan Decoction+C

UDCA(+DXM)

7d a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses

2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12

 Zhao [41], 2011

60/60

21–38

21–38

Not reported

Qingyulidan Decoction+C

DXM + SAMe+phenobarbital

7d

1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12

 Wang and Lai [42], 2011

35/35

T:24.3 ± 4.5

C:25.3 ± 3.5

T:37.0 ± 2.1

C:36.4 ± 2.6

Not reported

Yinchenlidan Decoction+C

UDCA

10d

1, 9

 Shen and Tao [43], 2009

30/30

T:25.3 ± 5.3

C:25.8 ± 4.9

T:37.3 ± 3.3

C:36.0 ± 3.6

Not reported

Tuihuangguyuan Decoction+C

SAMe

10d

1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12

 Wen et al. [44], 2014

60/60

T:26.3 ± 2.4

C:26.8 ± 2.2

T:33.2 ± 3.1

C:33.5 ± 3.4

Not reported

Self prescribed prescription+C

SAMe

14d

1, 12

 Lu [45], 2013

35/24

T:26.3 ± 2.4

C:25.0 ± 2.9

Not reported

Not reported

Yinchenzhuyedihuang Decoction+C

UDCA

12d

2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12

 Liu et al. [46], 2013

15/15

26.45013

Not reported

Not reported

Yinchendanshao Decoction+C

SAMe

10d

1, 2, 9, 10

 Tian et al. [47], 2016

39/39

T:25.5 ± 6.2

C:25.7 ± 5.8

Not reported

Not reported

Kangdanyu Decoction+C

Reduced glutathione+UDCA+SAMe+DXM

14d

4, 5, 6, 7, 12

 Ding et al. [48], 2010

94/94

T:26.0 ± 3.8

C:25.5 ± 2.8

Not reported

Not reported

Qingganhuayu Decoction+C

SAMe

14d

1, 5, 6, 12

 Zhang et al. [49], 2014

30/30

T:25.3 ± 2.1

C:26.6 ± 3.0

Not reported

1.44 ± 0.62

1.65 ± 0.81

Qingdanzhiyang Decoction+C

SAMe+phenobarbital+DXM

14d

4, 5

 Shan et al. [50], 2016

48/48

T:26.3 ± 4.7

C:24.9 ± 4.3

Not reported

Not reported

Huashilidan Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe+DXM

20d

2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 12

 Li et al. [33], 2015

60/60

T:28.40151

C:28.80151

T:34.4 ± 4.4

C:33.4 ± 4.4

T:1.44 ± 4.

C:1.54 ± 4.

Yinchenhao Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe

30d for Chinese medicine,10 d for medicine

2, 6, 9, 10, 11

 Lan et al. [51], 2016

40/40

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Yinchenhao Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe

7d a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses

1, 2, 4, 5, 12

 Zhang [52], 2015

40/40

T:26.7 ± 2.1

C:27.0 ± 1.8

Not reported

Not reported

Yinchenhao Decoction+C

SAMe

7d a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses

2, 5, 9, 10, 12

 Yin [53], 2015

30/30

T:26.2 ± 2.9

C:25.9 ± 3.0

Not reported

Not reported

Bushenqingli Decoction+C

UDCA

7d a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12

 Zhang [54], 2008

44/42

26.6 ± 2.8

28–36

Not reported

Self prescribed prescription+C

DXM + phenobarbital

10d

2, 9

 Chen and Mo [55], 2005

35/35

T:28.5 ± 2.4

C:27.8 ± 2.6

Not reported

Not reported

Self prescribed prescription+C

DXM + VK3

14d

3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

 Ma [56], 2010

35/35

T:28.5 ± 2.4

C:27.8 ± 2.6

Not reported

Not reported

Self prescribed prescription+C

UDCA

14d

5, 6, 10, 12

 Zhang et al. [57], 2016

40/41

T:31.4 ± 9.4

C:32.1 ± 10.9

Not reported

M/P:9/31

M/P:8/33

Self prescribed prescription+C

UDCA+SAMe+DXM

15d

2

 Shu [58], 2018

48/45

T:27.6 ± 3.4

C:27.9 ± 4.0

Not reported

M/P: 11/37

M/P:10/35

Qianyinlidan Decoction+C

UDCA

7d

2, 9, 10

 Deng [59], 2015

30/30

29.5

Not reported

Not reported

Yinzhihuang oral liquid+C

UDCA

10d

1, 9

 Su et al. [60], 2015

37/37

T:29.4 ± 5.1

C:28.9 ± 4.8

T:33.5 ± 4.1

C:33.1 ± 4.0

M/P: 8/29

M/P:7/30

Lidan Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe+

Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate

14d

2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 12

 Wang [61], 2014

36/36

Not reported

T:32–36

C:32–36

Not reported

Kangyudan Decoction+C

UDCA

14d

3, 5, 6, 7, 12

 Wang et al. [62], 2018

30/30

T:28 ± 3.12

C:29 ± 4.0

T:34 ± 1.3

C:35 ± 1.5

T:1.57 ± 0.65

C:1.47 ± 0.56

Yinzhihuang granule+C

UDCA+SAMe+DXM

14d

4, 12

 Wei [63], 2016

30/30

T:30.5 ± 5.2

C:28.5 ± 6.1

T:31.5 ± 4.3

C:32.3 ± 3.6

Not reported

Self prescribed prescription+C

UDCA

14d

2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12

 Zhang [64], 2017

62/62

T:29.7 ± 3.8

C:28.6 ± 4.5

T:32–37

C:31–38

Not reported

Yinzhihuang granule+C

UDCA

7d a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses

4, 6, 12

 Zheng [65], 2019

42/42

T:26.9 ± 3.2

C:27.6 ± 3.3

T:33.6 ± 2.3

C:34.2 ± 2.3

M/P:22/20

M/P:24/18

Lidan Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe +phenobarbital

14d

2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12

 Gu et al. [66], 2014

47/36

T:27.8 ± 6.2

C:28.2 ± 5.0

T:31.5 ± 2.8

C:31.1 ± 3.1

T:2.2 ± 1.9

C:2.1 ± 2.0

Yinchen Decoction+C

UDCA

20d

1, 2, 9, 10, 11

 Mao and He [67], 2014

59/59

T:26.2 ± 1.5

C:25.9 ± 1.4

T:34.8 ± 0.7

T:35.2 ± 0.8

Not reported

Qingganlidan Decoction+C

UDCA+SAMe

14-21d

2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12

 Mao [68], 2016

39/38

T:28.3 ± 2.2

C:28.6 ± 1.9

T:29.9 ± 1.8

C:29.6 ± 2.1

Not reported

Yinchenhao Decoction+C

UDCA

7d

4, 7, 8, 12

 Zhu and Huang [69], 2008

35/25

T:25.1 ± 2.8

C:23.9 ± 2.3

T:34.5 ± 1.9

C:35.1 ± 2.2

Not reported

Yinchenhao Decoction+C

UDCA

21d

3, 4, 6, 9, 11

 Liu et al. [70], 2019

60/60

T:25.2 ± 2.1

C:25.4 ± 2.3

T:28.9 ± 2.1

C:29.0 ± 2.2

Not reported

Wuling pill+C

SAMe

14d

1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12

 Wang et al. [71], 2015

20/20

T:27.5 ± 5.1

C:26.7 ± 4.1

T:30.8 ± 1.7

C:31.1 ± 1.8

Not reported

Yinchenhao Decoction+C

SAMe

21d

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 12

 Du and Li [72], 2014

26/26

T:22–37

C:24–36

T:27–37

C:27–38

M/P: 3/23

M/P:4/22

Yiguanjian Decoction+C

UDCA+DXM

7d a course of treatment

4, 6, 7, 12

 Zhang [73], 2005

40/40

T:25.5 ± 2.5

C:24.6 ± 3.1

T:33.8 ± 2

C:34.0 ± 2.2

Not reported

Dangguidihuang Decoction+C

SAMe

7d a course of treatment, a total of 3 courses

1, 2, 4, 6, 9

  1. M multipara, P Primipara, T Treatment, C Control, MD Mean Difference, SD Standard Deviation, UDCA Ursodesoxycholic acid, SAMe S-adenosylmethionine, DXM Dexamethasone, VK3 Vitamin K3
  2. Outcome:
  3. 1 itching score
  4. 2 serum total bile acid
  5. 3 neonatal deaths
  6. 4 the number of fetal distress
  7. 5 the number of asphyxia neonatorum
  8. 6 number of caesarean section
  9. 7 the number of postpartum hemorrhage
  10. 8 the number of adverse drug reactions
  11. 9 serum alanine aminotransferase
  12. 10 serum aspartate aminotransferase
  13. 11 neonatal birth age
  14. 12 the number of premature births