| |
P.minor (N = 18)
|
Placebo (N = 18)
|
Total (N = 36)
|
p value †
|
|---|
|
Age‡
|
66.89 ± 4.00
|
65.94 ± 3.61
|
66.42 ± 0.63
|
0.462
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
3 (16.7)
|
5 (27.8)
|
8 (22.2)
|
0.423
|
|
Female
|
15 (83.3)
|
13 (72.2)
|
28 (77.8)
| |
|
Ethnicity
|
|
Malay
|
16 (88.9)
|
17 (94.4)
|
33 (91.7)
|
0.220
|
|
Chinese
|
2 (11.1)
|
0 (9.1)
|
2 (5.6)
| |
|
Indian
|
0 (0)
|
1 (5.6)
|
1 (2.7)
| |
|
Educational Level
|
|
Not attending school
|
1 (5.6)
|
3 (16.7)
|
4 (11.1)
|
0.293
|
|
Primary school
|
8 (44.4)
|
5 (27.8)
|
13 (36.1)
| |
|
Secondary school
|
9 (50.0)
|
7 (38.9)
|
16 (44.4)
| |
|
Certificate/ Diploma
|
0 (0)
|
2 (11.1)
|
2 (5.6)
| |
|
Degree
|
0 (0)
|
1 (5.6)
|
1 (2.8)
| |
|
Marital Status
|
|
Married
|
9 (50.0)
|
13 (72.2)
|
22 (61.1)
|
0.305
|
|
Widow/Widower
|
9 (50.0)
|
5 (27.8)
|
14 (38.9)
| |
|
Smoking Status
|
|
Yes
|
1 (5.6)
|
1 (4.5)
|
2 (5.6)
|
1.000
|
|
No
|
17 (94.4)
|
17 (94.4)
|
34 (94.4)
| |
|
Regular Supplement Consumer
|
|
Yes
|
7 (38.9)
|
9 (50.0)
|
16 (44.4)
|
0.738
|
|
No
|
11 (61.1)
|
9 (50.0)
|
20 (55.6)
| |
|
Caffeinated Beverage Consumer
|
|
Yes
|
17 (94.4)
|
17 (94.4)
|
34 (94.4)
|
1.000
|
|
No
|
1 (5.6)
|
1 (5.6)
|
2 (5.6)
| |
|
Working Status
|
|
Yes
|
2 (11.1)
|
2 (11.1)
|
4 (11.1)
|
1.000
|
|
No
|
16 (88.9)
|
16 (88.9)
|
32 (88.9)
| |
|
Hypertension
|
|
Yes
|
9 (50.0)
|
9 (50.0)
|
18 (50.0)
|
1.000
|
|
No
|
9 (50.0)
|
9 (50.0)
|
18 (50.0)
| |
|
Diabetes
|
|
Yes
|
4 (22.2)
|
3 (16.7)
|
7 (19.4)
|
1.000
|
|
No
|
14 (72.8)
|
15 (83.3)
|
29 (80.6)
| |
|
Hyperlipidemia
|
|
Yes
|
8 (44.4)
|
11 (61.1)
|
19 (52.8)
|
0.176
|
|
No
|
7 (38.9)
|
7 (28.9)
|
14 (38.9)
| |
|
Not Sure
|
3 (16.7)
|
0 (0.0)
|
3 (8.3)
| |
- † Crosstabs Chi-square test, not significant at p > 0.05
- ‡ Independent t-test, not significant at p > 0.05
