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Table 3 List of plant species used for traditional treatment of candidiasis in traditional markets of southern Benin

From: Ethnobotanical survey on plants used in the treatment of candidiasis in traditional markets of southern Benin

N° Voucher Number Scientific names Vernacular names Botanical families Parts of plants used Mode of preparation administration route Fc (%) Cpr (%) IFh (%) IFt (%) Previous References
1 YH 337 / HNB Abutilon mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik. Adansounyi (f,g) Malvaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
2 YH 358 / HNB Acacia nilotica (L.) Delile Bani (f, y) Leguminosae Fr Dec Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 100 0  
3 AA 6752 / HNB Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg “Flowa” Euphorbiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 0 100  
4 YH 286 / HNB Aframomum melegueta K. Schum. Atakoun (f,g) Zingiberaceae Fr R cend Oral 1.83 1.61 50 50  
5 YH 338 / HNB Afzelia africana Pers. Kpakpatin / Kpakpa Jidé / Kpakpa Gidé (f) Leguminosae Tf Powder Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 50 50  
6 YH 339 / HNB Allium cepa L. Ayoma, Ayomasa, vovo, massa (f, g) Amaryllidaceae Fr Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 100 0  
7 YH 287 / HNB Allium sativum L. Ayo (f, g) Amaryllidaceae Fr Dec; Mac Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 0 100 [55]
8 YH 345 / HNB Amaranthus spinosus L. Handoukpo (f) Amaranthaceae Tf Dec; Mac; Mettre en poudre Oral 2.75 2.42 0 100  
9 YH 340 / HNB Anacardium occidentale L. Akaju (tin), Lakazu (f,g) Anacardiaceae B Dec Oral 3.67 3.23 100 0  
10 YH 341 / HNB Annona muricata L. Nyiglwe, anyiglwe (f); Chap-chap (fr) Annonaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 100 0  
11 YH 342 / HNB Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill. & Perr. Hlihon, hilihon (f) Combretaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 50 50  
12 YH 343 / HNB Antiaris toxicaria Lesch. Guxotin (t) Moraceae Le Powder Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
S
13 YH 395 / HNB Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. Bambou (fr) Poaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 9.17 8.06 100 0  
14 YH 400 / HNB Bauhinia reticulata DC. Kpakpa, Klon (f); Kongbo (g) Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
15 YH 344 / HNB Blighia sapida K. D. Köening Lisetin (f); Sapindaceae Fr Powder Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
16 YH 293 / HNB Bridelia ferruginea Benth. Honsukokwe, Hongla (f, g); Phyllanthaceae B Dec Oral + Topic 15.6 13.71 100 0  
R
17 YH 296 / HNB Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. Ajikun, ajikwin (f, g) Leguminosae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 3.67 3.23 25 75  
18 YH 347 / HNB Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw. Orgeuil de Chine (fr); Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral 3.67 3.23 50 50  
19 YH 348 / HNB Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Klwekun (f,g) Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 3.67 3.23 100 0  
20 YH 298 / HNB Carica papaya L. Kpèn (tin) (l’arbre), Jikpèn (le fruit) (f); Caricaceae R Powder Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
21 YH 290 / HNB Carissa spinarum L. Ahanzo (f); Apocynaceae R Dec Oral + Topic 6.42 5.65 71 29  
B
22 YH 349 / HNB Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don Flawe (f) Apocynaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100 [31]
23 YH 350 / HNB Ceropegia fusiformis N.E.Br. Zunkuju wewe (f) Apocynaceae R Mac Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
24 YH 303 / HNB Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle Klé, (f) Rutaceae Fr Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 33 67  
25 YH 353 / HNB Clausena anisata (WilId.) Hook.f. ex Benth. Gbozohouin/ Gbosu / Zohwɛn/ Gboma Duwa Zohwɛn (f) Rutaceae Le Dec Oral + Topic 6.42 5.65 86 14  
R
26 YH 354 / HNB Clerodendrum capitatum (WilId.) Schumach. & Thonn. Zoplotin (f); Wèma (f,g) Lamiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 100 0  
27 YH 306 / HNB Cola nitida (Vent.) Sebott & EndI. Gbanja, Goro, Golo Malvaceae Fr Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100  
28 YH 356 / HNB Combretum micranthum G.Don Vrai Kinkéliba (fr); kinikiniba (f) Combretaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
29 YH 383 / HNB Combretum paniculatum Vent. Dongbo (Dokpo) Combretaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100  
30 YH 357 / HNB Commiphora africana (A.Rich.) Engl. Liji (man)(f); Burseraceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100  
31 YH 359 / HNB Crateva adansonii DC. Onton zunzen; Wonton Zinzwen (f, g); Sharu wéwé (y) Capparaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 10.09 8.87 64 36  
32 YH 360 / HNB Croton gratissimus Burch. Jelele, jebele (f,g) Euphorbiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 100 0  
33 YH 355 / HNB Croton lobatus L. Alòvi atòn (f) Euphorbiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
34 YH 361 / HNB Curculigo pilosa (Schumach. & Thonn.) Engl. Ayote, ayoglèn, (f) Hypoxidaceae Fr Mac Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
35 YH 419 / HNB Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H.Rob. Hunsukusɛ / Hunsikonu (F) Compositae Pe Dec; Pounding; Grilling Oral + Topic 22.94 20.16 100 0  
36 YH 362 / HNB Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Tcha; Ca / Ti (man) (f) Poaceae Le Dec Oral 2.75 2.42 100 0 [56]
37 YH 363 / HNB Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. & Dalziel Zaxaya (f) Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
R
38 YH 310 / HNB Desmodium velutinum (Willd.) DC. Tèd’avowu, Zɛn’ali (f) Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
39 YH 365 / HNB Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Dakpa, dagpa (f); Leguminosae R Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
40 YH 366 / HNB Dialium guineense WiIld. Asònswèn, asiswetin, aswenswen (f, g); Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
41 YH 367 / HNB Dichapetalum madagascariense Poir Gbaglo (f) Dichapetalaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
42 YH 368 / HNB Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. abadawèn, badawèn (f) Leguminosae Le Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100  
43 YH 346 / HNB Diodella scandens (Sw.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral Sèhoun (f) Rubiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
44 YH 351 / HNB Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Amatluzu, godo (f) Amaranthaceae Pe Dec Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 100 0  
45 YH 369 / HNB Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase Woko (g); Poaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
46 YH 370 / HNB Ehretia cymosa Thonn. Zozoma (f); myoma (g); Boraginaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 5.5 4.84 100 0  
47 YH 371 / HNB Entada gigas (L.) Fawc & Rendle Gbagbakwin (f); Leguminosae L Powder Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 50 50  
48 YH 372 / HNB Erythrina senegalensis DC. Kpaklesi, pakléwésè (f); Leguminosae B Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
49 YH 373 / HNB Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Eucalyptus rouge, eucalyptus rostré, Myrtaceae Tf Dec Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
50 YH 374 / HNB Euphorbia hirta L. Hundi hundi asu (f) Euphorbiaceae Tf Dec Oral 1.83 1.61 100 0  
51 YH 314 / HNB Flacourtia flavescens Willd Gbohunkaje / Gbowunkajɛ (f); Salicaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
52 YH 260 / HNB Garcinia kola Heckel Ahowetin (l’arbre), ahowé (la graine) (f, g); arowé (f); Clusiaceae Fr Dec Oral + Topic 3.67 3.23 0 100 [57]
53 YH 352 / HNB Gladiolus dalenii van Geel Baka [petit oignon] Iridaceae Fr Dec Oral + Topic 3.67 3.23 50 50  
54 YH 376 / HNB Gossypium hirsutum L. Avokanfoun tin (f) Malvaceae Tf Dec Topic 2.75 2.42 100 0  
55 YH 418 / HNB Gymnanthemum coloratum (Wild.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn Alomaklu/ Amavive gbémenton (f)/ Gbélé man Compositae Pe Dec Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
56 YH 377 / HNB Heliotropium indicum L. Koklon son, Kokloden; koklosu denpaja (f) Boraginaceae Tf Dec Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
57 YH 420 / HNB Hymenocardia acida Tul. Mlanlanvê man (f); Manlanvi (g) Phyllanthaceae Tf Pounding Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
58 YH 378 / HNB Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Afio, Xweflu, hwéflou (f) Lamiaceae Pe Dec Oral + Topic 19.27 16.94 100 0 [30]
59 YH 421 / HNB Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. Xè, xètin (f), Oxɛ tin Poaceae R Dec Oral + Topic 5.5 4.84 100 0  
Tf
60 YH 411 / HNB Indigofera pulchra Willd. Zounhô (Zuko), adoma (f); Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
61 YH 379 / HNB Jatropha gossypiifolia L. Nyikpotin, gbagidi kpotin (f, g); Euphorbiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 6.42 5.65 29 71  
62 YH 380 / HNB Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. Jixo cyoma; Tchioma (f) Cucurbitaceae Fr Pounding Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
63 YH 381 / HNB Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss. Zunzatin (f) / Agawu /Tere (g) Meliaceae B Dec Oral + Topic 20.18 17.74 91 9  
64 YH 382 / HNB Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Nyablikpo (f); Bignoniaceae Tf Dec; Mac Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 33 67  
65 AA 6749 / HNB Lantana camara L. Hla Ciyayo / Hla Coyo (f) /Zansoukpê man/ Hla Ciyamadidwe (G) Verbenaceae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 26.61 23.39 90 10  
66 YH 384 / HNB Lawsonia inermis L. Lalitin (f); laritin (g); lali (y, n) Lythraceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
67 AA 6750 / HNB Lippia multiflora Moldenke Agala (f)/ Aklala (g) Verbenaceae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 22.94 20.16 96 4  
68 YH 385 / HNB Mangifera indica L. Manga, amanga (f) Anacardiaceae B Dec Oral 4.59 4.03 80 20  
R
69 YH 386 / HNB Melaleuca leucadendra (L.) L. Kpenma sèmèton (f). Myrtaceae Tf Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
70 YH 388 / HNB Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Godokwe, Godoko (f); Rubiaceae Pe Pounding Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 100 0  
71 YH 389 / HNB Momordica charantia L. Nyensinken (f) Cucurbitaceae Pe Dec; Mac Oral + Topic 5.5 4.84 83 17  
72 YH 375 / HNB Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels Cirigun (f) Apocynaceae Tf Pounding; Mac Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
73 YH 319 / HNB Monodora myristica (Gaertn.) Dunal Sasalikun, sasagbakun (f,g) Annonaceae Fr Dec; Mac; Grilling Oral + Topic 14.68 12.9 75 25  
74 YH 320 / HNB Morinda lucida Benth. Xwensin Rubiaceae R Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
75 YH 390 / HNB Musa × paradisiaca L. Kokwé azo Musaceae Le Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
76 YH 391 / HNB Ocimum americanum L. Kesu kesu, xesu xesu, xisi xisi (f); akohun (g) Lamiaceae Pe Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 17.43 15.32 84 16  
77 YH 325 / HNB Ocimum gratissimum L. Tchao, Ciyayo (f) Lamiaceae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 22.94 20.16 68 32 [42]
78 YH 392 / HNB Olax subscorpioides Oliv. Mitin, mitun (f); Olacaceae R Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 67 33  
79 YH 393 / HNB Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) G Don Ahwatin, afiti (f) Leguminosae B Pounding Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100 [58]
80 YH 394 / HNB Paullinia pinnata L. Xedulinifen (f, g); Sapindaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 100 0  
81 YH 397 / HNB Persicaria senegalensis (Meisn.) Soják Towe (g); Polygonaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 100 0  
82 YH 398 / HNB Philenoptera laxiflora (Guill. & Perr.) Roberty, Ahoma; Aho ma (f) Leguminosae Le Pounding Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
83 YH 387 / HNB Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm. f.) Pic. Serm. Duma (f), Degoma (g). Polypodiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 2.75 2.42 100 0  
84 YH 401 / HNB Piper nigrum L. Lènkun, (f); lènlènkun g) Piperaceae Fr Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100  
85 YH 399 / HNB Pleiocarpa pycnantha (K.Schum.) Stapf Danyè (f); Vonma (g); Apocynaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
86 YH 402 / HNB Pseudocedrela kotschyi (Schweinf.) Harms Atindodokpwe / Atinsudo dokpo (f) Meliaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 5.5 4.84 100 0  
R
87 AA 6753 / HNB Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels Kulu Kuli (f)/ Klwi-Klwi (f) Combretaceae B Dec Oral + Topic 29.36 25.81 94 6 [26, 59]
88 YH 403 / HNB Pterocarpus erinaceus Poir. Gbègbètin (f) Leguminosae B Dec Topic 0.92 0.81 0 100  
89 YH 404 / HNB Rhaphiostylis beninensis (Hook.f. ex Planch.) Planch. ex Benth. Kplakplama (f) Icacinaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
90 YH 405 / HNB Ricinus communis L. Kasu wayi (a) Euphorbiaceae Tf R.cend Oral 1.83 0.81 100 0  
91 YH 261 / HNB Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. Nociovijè, (f) Connaraceae R Dec Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
92 YH 406 / HNB Sarcocephalus latifolius (Sm.) E. A. Bruce Ko (ma) (f); kodo (g) Rubiaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 60 40  
R
93 YH 407 / HNB Schwenckia americana L. Amakwinkwin, zlon (f) Solanaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 8.26 7.26 100 0  
94 YH 364 / HNB Secamone afzelii (Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum Anonsima, zounkoudjou (f); Apocynaceae Fr Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 0 100  
95 YH 408 / HNB Securidaca longipedunculata Fresen. Kpata / Kpɛta (f) Polygalaceae R Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 3.67 3.23 75 25  
96 YH 409 / HNB Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Amasu yovotòn (f); Leguminosae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 5.5 4.84 67 33  
97 YH 413 / HNB Senna italica Mill. Agoè agoè, agogwè, adwe agwe (f). Leguminosae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 1.83 1.61 100 0  
98 YH 410 / HNB Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Kinkéliba Leguminosae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
99 YH 396 / HNB Spondias mombin L. Aklokontin/Ahlihon (f) Anacardiaceae R Dec Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
100 YH 412 / HNB Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perr Atinkɛn Gbadota (f) Myrtaceae Fr Dec; Poudre Oral + Topic 7.34 6.45 75 25  
101 YH 414 / HNB Terminalia glaucescens Planch. ex Benth. Alotun; Anagositin (f) Combretaceae R Dec Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
102 YH 415 / HNB Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. & Thonn.) Taub. Lendja (f); Leguminosae Fr Dec Oral + Topic 4.59 4.03 100 0  
103 YH 416 / HNB Thalia geniculata L. Aflema (f). Marantaceae Tf Dec; Mac Oral 3.67 3.23 75 25  
104 YH 417 / HNB Tribulus terrestris L. Ahwanglon assou (f)/ Kpononmi (Mi). Zygophyllaceae Tf Dec; Pounding Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
105 AA 6751 / HNB Uvaria chamae P. Beauv. Aylaha / Ayadaxa/ Win Nyaxa, zinwokokwe, wianxa (f)/ Avun Annonaceae R Dec Oral + Topic 9.17 8.06 70 30  
106 YH 333 / HNB Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. Kpéjélékun (f); Annonaceae Fr Dec; Mac; Pounding Oral + Topic 19.27 16.94 71 29 [39]
107 YH 334 / HNB Zea mays L. Gbadé (f); Poaceae Tf Dec Oral + Topic 0.92 0.81 100 0  
108 YH 335 / HNB Zingiber officinale Roscoe Dotè (f;g) Zingiberaceae Fr Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
109 YH 422 / HNB Zornia glochidiata DC. Lèkun lèkun (f) Leguminosae R Dec Oral 0.92 0.81 100 0  
B
  1. f: Fon; g: Goun; fr: french B: Bark; Le: Leaves; Tf: Leaf stem; Fr: Fruit; R: Root; Pe: Whole plant; L: Liana; S: Stem; Dec: Decoction; Mac: Mac: Maceration; IFh: Fidelity index for herborists; IFt: Fidelity index for traditional healers; RCend. To make ashes; Fc: Citation frequency
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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

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