In vivo and in vitro safety evaluation of fermented Citrus sunki peel extract: acute and 90-day repeated oral toxicity studies with genotoxicity assessment

Park, Jin-Sung; Cho, Eun-Young; Kim, Yun-Soon; Kwon, Euna; Han, Kang-Min; Ku, Seung-Yup; Jung, Chul-Woo; Yun, Jun-Won; Che, Jeong-Hwan; Kang, Byeong-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12906-020-03079-z

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 3 Absolute and relative organ weight of SD rats orally administered with fermented Citrus sunki peel extract for 90 days

From: In vivo and in vitro safety evaluation of fermented Citrus sunki peel extract: acute and 90-day repeated oral toxicity studies with genotoxicity assessment

		Dose of fermented Citrus sunki peel extract (mg/kg)
		0	500	1000	2000
Male (n = 10/group)
Liver	(g)	17.1 ± 2.5	15.6 ± 1.5	15.3 ± 1.4	16.1 ± 2.1
	(g%)	2.83 ± 0.12	2.73 ± 0.18	2.737 ± 0.14	2.81 ± 0.18
Spleen	(g)	0.94 ± 0.16	0.84 ± 0.14	0.81 ± 0.09	0.87 ± 0.13
	(g%)	0.16 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02	0.15 ± 0.02
Kidney (R)	(g)	2.02 ± 0.19	1.83 ± 0.18	1.85 ± 0.17	1.90 ± 0.14
	(g%)	0.34 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.02	0.33 ± 0.03	0.33 ± 0.03
Kidney (L)	(g)	1.99 ± 0.26	1.79 ± 0.21	1.82 ± 0.16	1.92 ± 0.18
	(g%)	0.33 ± 0.02	0.31 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.03	0.34 ± 0.02
Adrenal gl. (R)	(g)	0.031 ± 0.004	0.028 ± 0.003	0.029 ± 0.006	0.031 ± 0.006
	(g%)	0.005 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001
Adrenal gl. (L)	(g)	0.034 ± 0.006	0.029 ± 0.003	0.031 ± 0.005	0.032 ± 0.005
	(g%)	0.006 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001
Testis (R)	(g)	1.78 ± 0.08	1.62 ± 0.16	1.70 ± 0.18	1.82 ± 0.16
	(g%)	0.30 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.05	0.32 ± 0.05
Testis (L)	(g)	1.80 ± 0.09	1.62 ± 0.14*	1.73 ± 0.20	1.82 ± 0.16
	(g%)	0.30 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.06	0.32 ± 0.05
Thymus	(g)	0.28 ± 0.05	0.30 ± 0.10	0.28 ± 0.06	0.24 ± 0.06
	(g%)	0.047 ± 0.009	0.054 ± 0.018	0.051 ± 0.012	0.041 ± 0.009
Heart	(g)	1.79 ± 0.14	1.62 ± 0.13*	1.56 ± 0.15*	1.69 ± 0.16
	(g%)	0.30 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.01	0.30 ± 0.02
Lung	(g)	1.70 ± 0.20	1.56 ± 0.05*	1.55 ± 0.09*	1.61 ± 0.09
	(g%)	0.28 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.02	0.28 ± 0.03
Brain	(g)	2.22 ± 0.14	2.14 ± 0.11	2.11 ± 0.09	2.16 ± 0.14
	(g%)	0.37 ± 0.05	0.38 ± 0.03	0.38 ± 0.04	0.38 ± 0.03
Pituitary gl.	(g)	0.015 ± 0.002	0.015 ± 0.002	0.013 ± 0.001*	0.014 ± 0.001
	(g%)	0.002 ± 0.000	0.003 ± 0.000	0.002 ± 0.000	0.002 ± 0.000
Female (n = 10/group)
Liver	(g)	8.2 ± 1.1	9.1 ± 0.9	8.6 ± 1.9	9.0 ± 1.7
	(g%)	2.74 ± 0.26	2.83 ± 0.14	2.63 ± 0.33	2.88 ± 0.25
Spleen	(g)	0.55 ± 0.05	0.57 ± 0.08	0.57 ± 0.07	0.55 ± 0.10
	(g%)	0.18 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.03	0.18 ± 0.02
Kidney (R)	(g)	0.91 ± 0.07	0.97 ± 0.06	0.98 ± 0.13	1.00 ± 0.09
	(g%)	0.30 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.03
Kidney (L)	(g)	0.89 ± 0.09	0.97 ± 0.04	0.98 ± 0.12	0.98 ± 0.07*
	(g%)	0.30 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.02	0.30 ± 0.02	0.32 ± 0.03
Adrenal gl. (R)	(g)	0.033 ± 0.003	0.037 ± 0.004	0.034 ± 0.008	0.034 ± 0.005
	(g%)	0.011 ± 0.001	0.011 ± 0.001	0.010 ± 0.002	0.011 ± 0.001
Adrenal gl. (L)	(g)	0.037 ± 0.005	0.037 ± 0.004	0.036 ± 0.009	0.037 ± 0.006
	(g%)	0.012 ± 0.002	0.011 ± 0.001	0.011 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.001
Ovary (R)	(g)	0.060 ± 0.007	0.113 ± 0.158	0.059 ± 0.010	0.061 ± 0.015
	(g%)	0.020 ± 0.003	0.038 ± 0.058	0.019 ± 0.004	0.020 ± 0.005
Ovary (L)	(g)	0.058 ± 0.009	0.056 ± 0.010	0.058 ± 0.013	0.058 ± 0.009
	(g%)	0.019 ± 0.003	0.018 ± 0.004	0.018 ± 0.005	0.019 ± 0.004
Thymus	(g)	0.25 ± 0.06	0.28 ± 0.05	0.26 ± 0.07	0.29 ± 0.10
	(g%)	0.084 ± 0.018	0.088 ± 0.016	0.083 ± 0.023	0.092 ± 0.023
Heart	(g)	0.94 ± 0.09	1.05 ± 0.10	0.99 ± 0.10	0.97 ± 0.10
	(g%)	0.32 ± 0.03	0.33 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.02
Lung	(g)	1.23 ± 0.06	1.25 ± 0.16	1.26 ± 0.20	1.22 ± 0.08
	(g%)	0.41 ± 0.03	0.39 ± 0.05	0.40 ± 0.08	0.40 ± 0.05
Brain	(g)	1.92 ± 0.07	1.95 ± 0.06	1.95 ± 0.09	1.90 ± 0.06
	(g%)	0.64 ± 0.04	0.61 ± 0.05	0.62 ± 0.08	0.62 ± 0.08
Pituitary gl.	(g)	0.016 ± 0.003	0.017 ± 0.002	0.018 ± 0.003	0.019 ± 0.005
	(g%)	0.005 ± 0.001	0.005 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001	0.006 ± 0.001

^*; p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett’s test

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