Table 2 Serum biochemical parameters of SD rats orally administered with fermented Citrus sunki peel extract for 90 days
| Â | Dose of fermented Citrus sunki peel extract (mg/kg) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 500 | 1000 | 2000 | |
Male (n = 10/group) | ||||
 BUN (mg/dL) | 14.4 ± 1.5 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 13.7 ± 1.4 | 14.1 ± 2.0 |
 TC (mg/dL) | 72.4 ± 8.6 | 69.0 ± 13.7 | 61.9 ± 8.0 | 61.9 ± 13.1 |
 TP (g/dL) | 6.0 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 5.8 ± 0.3 | 6.0 ± 0.2 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 2.4 ± 0.1 | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 2.5 ± 0.1 | 2.4 ± 0.2 |
 TB (mg/dL) | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
 ALP (IU/L) | 228.9 ± 43.7 | 208.3 ± 49.5 | 225.8 ± 61.4 | 205.7 ± 33.3 |
 AST (IU/L) | 112.5 ± 20.7 | 97.8 ± 17.7 | 105.7 ± 22.6 | 92.9 ± 28.6 |
 ALT (IU/L) | 34.5 ± 7.6 | 31.7 ± 2.5 | 33.8 ± 3.1 | 31.5 ± 7.7 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.56 ± 0.04 | 0.52 ± 0.05 | 0.51 ± 0.11 | 0.58 ± 0.06 |
 TG (mg/dL) | 59.8 ± 13.6 | 76.9 ± 26.7 | 85.1 ± 33.5 | 71.4 ± 29.8 |
 Glucose (mg/L) | 153.1 ± 11.7 | 178.2 ± 25.7* | 154.3 ± 11.9 | 169.1 ± 25.4 |
 Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.3 |
 Chlorine (mmol/L) | 101.4 ± 2.9 | 102.3 ± 2.6 | 102.4 ± 1.5 | 104.2 ± 2.1 |
 Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.8 ± 0.5 | 9.6 ± 0.4 | 9.5 ± 0.3 | 10.0 ± 0.3 |
 Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 7.0 ± 0.4 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 0.7 |
 Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.0 ± 3.1 | 137.4 ± 2.9 | 138.5 ± 3.7 | 140.6 ± 1.8 |
Female (n = 10/group) | ||||
 BUN (mg/dL) | 13.2 ± 2.3 | 15.0 ± 1.9 | 12.7 ± 1.2 | 13.6 ± 2.1 |
 TC (mg/dL) | 76.2 ± 8.0 | 79.6 ± 15.2 | 72.7 ± 18.5 | 71.6 ± 18.6 |
 TP (g/dL) | 6.3 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 6.4 ± 0.4 |
 Albumin (g/dL) | 2.8 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.9 ± 0.3 |
 TB (mg/dL) | 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.02 ± 0.04 | 0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
 ALP (IU/L) | 112.9 ± 20.6 | 117.4 ± 36.9 | 107.1 ± 26.1 | 101.4 ± 23.7 |
 AST (IU/L) | 103.0 ± 23.7 | 104.1 ± 48.1 | 90.2 ± 19.6 | 84.7 ± 14.8 |
 ALT (IU/L) | 49.5 ± 10.6 | 43.0 ± 16.1 | 40.5 ± 16.4 | 35.5 ± 5.2 |
 Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.71 ± 0.10 | 0.62 ± 0.10 | 0.60 ± 0.22 | 0.63 ± 0.05 |
 TG (mg/dL) | 50.2 ± 38.7 | 75.4 ± 40.0 | 75.0 ± 107.8 | 50.1 ± 35.9 |
 Glucose (mg/L) | 203.7 ± 22.1 | 216.4 ± 17.4 | 212.2 ± 15.5 | 201.4 ± 24.1 |
 Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.161 | 4.4 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.2 |
 Chlorine (mmol/L) | 106.0 ± 2.3 | 105.2 ± 2.1 | 105.2 ± 2.4 | 104.5 ± 2.2 |
 Calcium (mg/dL) | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 10.6 ± 0.2 | 10.6 ± 0.5 | 10.5 ± 0.5 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 6.4 ± 0.6 | 6.5 ± 0.6 |
 Sodium (mmol/L) | 140.9 ± 1.9 | 140.5 ± 1.3 | 140.0 ± 1.7 | 141.3 ± 1.0 |