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Table 1 Inhibition of pathogenic trichomonads by food and medicinal plant compounds listed alphabetically

From: Anti-trichomonad activities of different compounds from foods, marine products, and medicinal plants: a review

Compound

Source

Trichomonad

Inhibition

Reference

Benzopyrans

medicinal plant; Hypericum polyanthenum

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[11]

Betulinic acid

medicinal plant; Palatanus acerifoli

T. vaginalis

cell growth

[12]

(+)-Bisabolol

essential oil; Nectandra megapotamica

T. vaginalis

IC50 98.7 μg/mL

[13]

Caffeic acid

potatoes; Solanum tuberosum

3 trichomonads a

21.1–42.8%

[14]

Candimine

ornamental plant; Hippeastrum morelianum

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[15]

Carmaphycin-17

cancer drug; protesome inhibitor

T. vaginalis

highly active

[16]

α-Chaconine

potatoes; Solanum tuberosum

3 trichomonads

IC50 35-60 μM

[14]

Chlorogenic acid

potatoes; Solanum tuberosum

3 trichomonads

11.4–21.9%

[14]

Emodin

rhubarb; Rheum palmatum

T. vaginalis

active in mice

[17]

Geraniol

essential oil; Amomum tsao-ko

T. vaginalis

171-343 μg/mL

[18]

Hedargenin

medicinal plant; Cassnia holstii

T. vaginalis

IC50 2.8 μM

[19]

(+)-Isoaustrobrasilol

medicinal plant; Hypericum spp.

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[20]

Lectin

kidney beans; Phaseolus vulgaris

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[21]

Lucidin-isopropyl-ether

plant roots; Morinda panamensis

T. vaginalis

IC50 1.32 μg/mL

[22]

Lycorine

ornamental plant; Hippeastrum breviflorum

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[23]

Lycosinine

ornamental plant; Hippeastrum breviflorum

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[23]

Methyl jasmonate

plant hormone

T. vaginalis

cell death

[24]

N-acetyl-L-cysteine

L-cysteine amino acid

T. vaginalis

active in vivo

[16]

Pyrrolocin A

fungal endophyte E6927E

T. vaginalis

EC50 60 nM

[25]

Quercetin

potatoes; Solanum tuberosum

3 trichomonads

18.5–46.6%

[14]

Resveratrol

grapes; Vitis vinifera

T. vaginalis

IC50 25 μM

[26]

Saponins A, B

medicinal plant; Sapindus saponaria

T. vaginalis

MIC 0.025%; MIC 0.16 mg/mL

[27] [28]

Solanidine

potatoes; Solanum tuberosum

3 trichomonads

22.6–48.4%

[14]

α-Solanine

potatoes; Solanum tuberosum

3 trichomonads

IC50 10.9–16.8 μM

[14]

Tomatidine

tomatoes; Lycopersicon esculentum

3 trichomonads

3.2–22.9%

[29]

Tomatine

tomatoes; Lycopersicon esculentum

3 trichomonads

IC50 2.0–7.9 μM

[29]

Torvosides

medicinal plant; Solanum torvum

T. vaginalis

MIC 6.2–12.5 μM

[30]

Uliginosin B

medicinal plant; Hypericum polyanthenum

T. vaginalis

cell damage

[11]

Ursolic acid

medicinal plant; Manika rufula

T. vaginalis

MIC 25 μM

[31]

Wogonine

plant leaves; Scutellaria havanensis

T. vaginalis

cytotoxicity

[32]

  1. aBovine, feline, and human trichomonad strains