Fig. 2

Ginger treatment reduced pathological edema and proinflammatory gene expression. A. HE stained colonic epithelial tissues. a. IBS-D model group, b. rifaximin (50 mg/kg, po), c. ginger at 50 mg/kg (po), d. ginger at 100 mg/kg (po), e. blank group (normal rats). B. Ginger treatment reduced proinflammatory gene expression in the colonic epithelial tissues, detected by RT-qPCR. ^#P < 0.05 indicates significant differences compared to the IBS-D model group. *P < 0.05 indicates significant differences between ginger groups (50 and 100 mg/kg)