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Fig. 4 | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Fig. 4

From: Standardized ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa upregulates pro-inflammatory mediators release in LPS-primed U937 human macrophages through stimulation of MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K-Akt signaling networks

Fig. 4

The effects of T. crispa on (a and b) PGE2 production and protein expression of COX-2, (c) expression of COX-2 mRNA. ###p < 0.001 represents the significant difference from the control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 represent significance to the LPS alone versus TCE pretreated. All values are stated as mean ± SEM (n = 3)

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