Fig. 8

HMF promotes total nitric oxide (NO), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and macrophage factors production of RAW264.7 cells. a RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or HMF (31.3, 62.5, 125 μg/mL) for 8, 20, and 24 h. The releases of NO were determined by using NO assay kit. b RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or HMF (31.3, 62.5, 125 μg/mL) for 24 h. The intracellular ROS was detected by ROS assay kit. For the cytokines assay, RAW264.7 cells were treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or HMF (7.8, 15.6, 31.3 μg/mL) for 24 h. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (c), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (d), interleukin 12 p70 (IL-12 p70) (e), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (f) were all measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit. Each experiment was performed in triplicate, and values were represented as means ± SD. * P < 0.05, and ** P < 0.01 versus the control