Table 1 Baseline demographics of patients
Characteristics | Patient (n = 21) |
|---|---|
Age group – no. (%) | |
41 to 60 | 3 (14.3) |
61 or above | 18 (85.7) |
Male ratio – no. (%) | 13 (61.9) |
Education level – no. (%) | |
No formal education | 1 (4.8) |
Primary education | 8 (38.1) |
Secondary education | 8 (38.1) |
Tertiary education | 4 (19.0) |
Employment status – no. (%) | |
Part-time employed | 1 (4.8) |
Full-time employed | 7 (33.3) |
Unemployed or retired | 13 (61.9) |
History of diabetes – yrs | 12 ± 5.6 |
Hemoglobin A1C – % | 7.2 ± 0.7 |
Unsatisfactory control (7% or above) – no. (%) | 15 (71.4) |
Chronic kidney disease stage – no. (%) | |
Stage 2 (60 ml/min/1.73m2or above) | 7 (33.3) |
Stage 3a (45 to 59 ml/min/1.73m2) | 5 (23.8) |
Stage 3b (30 to 44 ml/min/1.73m2) | 3 (14.3) |
Stage 4 (15 to 29 ml/min/1.73m2) | 5 (23.8) |
Stage 5 (below 15 ml/min/1.73m2) | 1 (4.8) |
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio – no. (%) | |
< 3.4 mg/mmol (normo-albuminuria) | 2 (9.5) |
3.4 to 34 mg/mmol (micro-albuminuria) | 10 (47.6) |
> 34 mg/mmol (macro-albuminuria) | 9 (42.9) |
Comorbidity – no. (%) | |
Hypertension | 21 (100) |
Dyslipidemia | 19 (90.5) |
Diabetic retinopathy | 6 (28.6) |
Coronary artery disease | 1 (4.8) |
Major form of conventional medicine care received – no. (%) | |
Primary care | 15 (71.4) |
Secondary care | 6 (28.6) |
Chinese medicine service experience – no. (%) | |
Attended Chinese medicine consultation before | 14 (66.7) |
Encountered suspected Chinese medicine-related untoward events | 2 (9.5) |
Awareness of chronic kidney disease status – no. (%) | 13 (61.9) |