Table 2 Effect of altitude on the chemical profile of the essential oils of S. thymbra essential oils obtained from Wasita (WEO) and Safsaf (SEO) localities during two successive years

 α-thujene

918

916

3.82 ± 0.51 ^a

3.51 ± 0.14 ^a

4.57 ± 0.21 ^b

4.69 ± 0.18 ^b

RI, MS

p-cymene

1025

1023

7.50 ± 1.01 ^a

7.25 ± 0.92 ^a

8.76 ± 0.21 ^a

8.12 ± 0.41 ^a

RI, MS, AT

 γ-terpinene

1052

1053

1.38 ± 0.22 ^a

0.98 ± 0.34 ^a

2.34 ± 0.78 ^b

1.96 ± 0.98 ^b

RI, MS, AT

 dehydro-p-cymene

1070

1067

–

–

0.50 ± 0.11 ^a

0.94 ± 0.22 ^b

RI, MS

 α-terpinolene

1079

1082

1.85 ± 0.48 ^a

1.27 ± 0.33 ^a

–

–

RI, MS

 allo-ocimene

1118

1119

2.08 ± 1.14 ^a

2.11 ± 0.94 ^a

–

–

RI, MS, AT

16.63

15.12

16.17

15.71

 thymol

1291

1299

29.69 ± 3.25 ^a

28.69 ± 4.12 ^a

9.19 ± 2.44 ^b

8.85 ± 3.12 ^b

RI, MS,AT

 carvacrol

1298

1302

2.77 ± 0.25 ^a

2.54 ± 0.21 ^a

14.30 ± 2.55 ^b

14.78 ± 2.12 ^b

RI, MS, AT

 4,5-dimethyl-2-ethyl phenol

1305

–

2.09 ± 0.45^a

2.28 ± 0.26 ^a

1.86 ± 0.59 ^b

1.41 ± 0.45 ^b

RI, MS

 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl phenol

1361

–

1.06 ± 0.58 ^a

1.06 ± 0.58 ^a

3.90 ± 1.33 ^b

3.52 ± 0.97 ^b

RI, MS

 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl,3,4-diethyl phenol

1296

1301

–

–

2.93 ± 0.41 ^a

3.02 ± 0.44 ^a

RI, MS

35.61

34.57

32.18

31.10

trans-β- caryophellene

1412

1410

0.51 ± 0.21 ^a

0.45 ± 0.19 ^a

3.57 ± 1.02 ^b

3.14 ± 1.22 ^b

RI, MS, AT

 aromadendrene

1427

1423

1.42 ± 0.12 ^a

1.32 ± 0.09 ^a

1.47 ± 0.33 ^a

1.78 ± 0.23 ^a

RI, MS, AT

 α-humulene

1441

1438

1.23 ± 0.78 ^a

0.99 ± 0.95 ^a

1.58 ± 1.06 ^a

1.42 ± 0.96 ^a

RI, MS, AT

 viridiflorine

1491

1487

3.40 ± 1.18 ^a

3.15 ± 1.21 ^a

–

–

RI, MS, AT

 δ-cadinene

1525

1521

1.01 ± 0.77 ^a

1.41 ± 0.45 ^a

6.48 ± 2.31 ^b

6.12 ± 2.96 ^b

RI, MS, AT

7.57

7.32

13.10

12.46

 α-cedrene oxide

1569

1566

3.14 ± 2.11 ^a

4.68 ± 1.01 ^a

–

–

RI, MS, AT

 caryophllene oxide

1570

1568

1.41 ± 0.69 ^a

1.79 ± 0.25 ^a

–

–

RI, MS, AT

 iso spathulenol

1577

1585

13.45 ± 1.37 ^a

12.45 ± 1.77 ^a

2.18 ± 1.05 ^b

2.44 ± 0.91 ^b

RI, MS, AT

 β-oplopenone

1607

1603

0.51 ± 0.33 ^a

0.49 ± 0.24 ^a

–

–

RI, MS

 caryophyllenol

1645

1648

3.84 ± 2.04 ^a

3.74 ± 2.47 ^a

–

–

RI, MS

 valerenol

1706

1711

4.85 ± 1.25 ^a

4.54 ± 1.05 ^a

–

–

RI, MS

27.2

26.69

2.18

2.44

 cembrene

1948

1941

–

–

2.97 ± 0.72 ^a

3.01 ± 0.55 ^a

RI, MS

 2-tetra-butyl-4-methyl-phenol

1513

–

1.16 ± 0.45 ^a

3.29 ± 0.78 ^b

–

–

RI, MS

p-anisaldehyde

1277

1279

–

–

1.37 ± 0.56 ^a

2.25 ± 0.77 ^b

RI, MS, AT

 1,2-diethyl-3,4-dimethyl-benzene

1075

1076

–

–

1.22 ± 0.44 ^a

1.04 ± 0.62 ^a

RI, MS

 ethyl-tetra-methyl-cyclo penta-diene

1082

1085

–

–

4.04 ± 1.47 ^a

3.94 ± 1.66 ^a

RI, MS

 4, methoxy-6-methyl-2(3′,5′-dimethoxy benzyl) benzoic acid

1685

–

–

–

2.33 ± 1.22 ^a

1.93 ± 1.36 ^a

RI, MS

 1,2,3,1′,2′,3′-hexamthyl-bicyclopentyl 2,2′-diene

1122

1126

–

–

6.01 ± 2.58 ^a

5.86 ± 2.98 ^a

RI, MS

 2-hydroxy-3,4,6,7-tetra methoxy phenanthrene

1975

–

–

–

2.01 ± 1.03 ^a

2.41 ± 0.65 ^a

RI, MS

 1.8-dimethoxy-3-methylanthracene,9,10-dione

2035

–

–

–

4.85 ± 2.66 ^a

3.24 ± 1.25 ^b

RI, MS

 benzie-α-pyrone

2435

2442

–

–

2.44 ± 0.89 ^a

2.41 ± 0.41 ^a

RI, MS

1.16

3.29

27.24

23.08

21

21

23

23

88.17

86.99

93.84

87.80