Table 1 Initial and final body weights; BW gain; total caloric intake; uterus, liver, and abdominal fat weights; plantaris muscle weight; fasting plasma insulin; fasting plasma glucose; and HOMA-IR score in sham rats fed a control diet and OVX rats fed a HFFD (OHFFD) that received 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) or pioglitazone (PIO)
|  | SHAM | OHFFD | OHFFD + 20E (5 mg/kg Bw) | OHFFD + 20E (10 mg/kg Bw) | OHFFD + 20E (20 mg/kg Bw) | OHFFD + PIO (10 mg/kg Bw) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (BW), g | ||||||
 Initial BW | 225.8 ± 2.3 | 221.6 ± 3.0 | 212.0 ± 1.3 | 215.5 ± 3.4 | 215.3 ± 4.7 | 208.9 ± 1.2 |
 Final BW | 292.9 ± 3.7 | 390.4 ± 5.6# | 366.3 ± 11.5# | 366.3 ± 5.1# | 361.4 ± 8.5#* | 370.9 ± 8.4# |
BW gain, g | 61.9 ± 3.1 | 158.9 ± 5.2# | 156.9 ± 9.6# | 152.6 ± 5.6# | 133.4 ± 4.8#* | 161.4 ± 6.9# |
Total caloric intake, kcal | 4394 ± 67 | 6163 ± 118# | 6044 ± 164# | 6377 ± 164# | 6288 ± 199# | 6160 ± 190# |
Uterus weight, mg | 741 ± 40.2 | 92 ± 2.4# | 91 ± 2.4# | 96 ± 4.4# | 93 ± 3.5# | 85 ± 5.2# |
Liver weight, g | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 8.5 ± 0.2# | 8.8 ± 0.2# | 8.8 ± 0.3# | 9.0 ± 0.3# | 7.8 ± 0.4# |
Abdominal fat weight/ body weight, % | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.3# | 6.3 ± 0.4# | 5.7 ± 0.3* | 5.8 ± 0.1* | 5.6 ± 0.3* |
Plantaris weight/ body weight, % | 0.92 ± 0.12 | 0.89 ± 0.15 | 0.86 ± 0.03 | 0.87 ± 0.02 | 0.86 ± 0.02 | 0.82 ± 0.02 |
Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dl | 123.3 ± 2.3 | 128 ± 4.4 | 127.2 ± 3.5 | 125.3 ± 2.4 | 131.8 ± 1.8 | 118.5 ± 1.7 |
Fasting plasma insulin, μU/ml | 52.7 ± 4.8 | 61 ± 4.4 | 61.4 ± 8.2 | 58.7 ± 7.6 | 59.4 ± 5.5 | 30.5 ± 4.3* |
HOMA IR score | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.9 ± 0.1‡ | 1.9 ± 0.3‡ | 1.8 ± 0.2‡ | 1.9 ± 0.2‡ | 0.9 ± 0.1 |