Strategies for evaluating self-efficacy and observed success in the practice of yoga postures for therapeutic indications: methods from a yoga intervention for urinary incontinence among middle-aged and older women

Nicosia, Francesca M.; Lisha, Nadra E.; Chesney, Margaret A.; Subak, Leslee L.; Plaut, Traci M.; Huang, Alison

doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02934-3

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 5 Correlations between yoga self-efficacy and competency measures and selected participant characteristics at week 12

From: Strategies for evaluating self-efficacy and observed success in the practice of yoga postures for therapeutic indications: methods from a yoga intervention for urinary incontinence among middle-aged and older women

	Yoga Posture Self-Efficacy Assessment (Y-SEA) – mean rating for all postures		Expert Observed Competency Assessment – mean rating for all postures		Yoga Practice Adherence Self-Efficacy (Y-PASE)
	r	p-value	r	p-vaule	r	p-value
Yoga Posture Self-Efficacy Assessment^a – mean rating for all postures	1.0		−0.01	0.95	0.22	0.28
Expert Observed Competency Assessment^b – mean rating for all postures	−0.01	0.95	1.0		−0.32	0.13
Yoga Practice Adherence Self-Efficacy (Y-PASE)^c	0.22	0.28	−0.32	0.13	1.0
Age	−0.63	0.01*	0.19	0.56	−0.38	0.15
Change in urinary incontinence frequency^d	−0.22	0.79	−0.1	0.66	−0.35	0.08
Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC)^e	0.49	0.01*	−0.06	0.80	−0.03	0.87
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression Subscale^f	−0.34	0.08	0.19	0.39	−0.33	0.09
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale^g	0.17	0.39	−0.08	0.71	−0.07	0.74
PROMIS Adult Physical Function Profile short-term^h	−0.41	0.03*	0.18	0.40	−0.17	0.40
Short Physical Performance Batteryⁱ	0.49	0.01*	−0.06	0.80	−0.03	0.87

*significance at least 0.05
^a Participants rated their self-efficacy in performing and holding each of the yoga postures for 30 s on a scale of 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (extremely confident)
^b An expert yoga consultant rated each participants’ success in performing each posture on a scale of 1 (not at all successful) to 5 (extremely successful)
^c Participants indicated how confident they were that they could practice yoga at home when they: 1) are tired, 2) are in a bad mood, 3) have limited time, 4) are away from home, and 5) are not regularly attending yoga classes
^d Absolute change in urinary incontinence frequency between baseline and 12 weeks
^e Participants completed the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), a single-item measure assessing the degree to which respondents consider their bladder condition to be a problem
^f The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) – Depression Subscale, a 7-item measure of depression, in which higher scores indicate greater depression symptoms. ^g Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) – Anxiety Subscale, a 7-item measure of cognitive anxiety, in which higher scores indicate greater anxiety
^h Participants completed the PROMIS Adult Physical Function Profile short-form, a measure for activities of daily living, lower extremity, and central body functions
^I Participants completed the Short Performance Physical Battery, a series of physical performance tests to assess lower extremity functioning, with higher scores indicating better functioning

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