Fig. 4

TRPV1 antagonist AMG9810 inhibited TRPV1 activation by piperine (a) or P. chaba extract (b). Calcium influx responses (relative to the response to 5 μM ionomycin) are shown in the presence of various concentrations of AMG 9810 or in its absence (c). Concentrations of TRPV1 agonists are shown in the abscissa. The response is detected in the presence of various concentrations of AMG 9810 as shown in the panels. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 2). * p < 0.05 when compared with AMG 0 nM