From: Belief in and use of traditional Chinese medicine in Shanghai older adults: a cross-sectional study
 | Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
 Gender (male = 1, female = 0) | 0.895 | 0.839* | 0.790** | 0.888 | 0.758*** |
 Age (range: 50–100) | 0.991** | 0.990** | 0.995 | 0.997 | 0.999 |
 Residence (urban = 1, rural = 0) | 0.737* | 0.687** | 0.530*** | 0.805 | 0.579*** |
Medical factors | |||||
 Hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.984 |  |  | 0.950 |
 Cardiovascular diseases (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.160 |  |  | 1.143 |
 Stroke (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.838 |  |  | 0.886 |
 Pneumonia/ … / asthma (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.020 |  |  | 1.042 |
 Diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.968 |  |  | 1.006 |
 Depression (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.253 |  |  | 1.373 |
 Cancer (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 2.100** |  |  | 1.823* |
 Prostatitis (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.740** |  |  | 1.628** |
 Osteoporosis/osteoarthritis (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.846 |  |  | 0.848 |
 Fracture (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.511* |  |  | 1.440* |
 Parkinson’s disease (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.550 |  |  | 0.556 |
 Nervous system disease (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.706* |  |  | 0.743 |
Socioeconomics | |||||
 Education (primary school or below = 0) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Middle school |  |  | 1.210 |  | 1.225 |
 High/polytechnic school |  |  | 1.499** |  | 1.485** |
 Colleague or above. |  |  | 1.702*** |  | 1.618** |
 Monthly income (range: 0–10,000 yuan) |  |  | 1.066 |  | 1.053 |
Main occupation (professional/administrative = 0) | |||||
 Clerk/service |  |  | 0.774 |  | 0.820 |
 Physical labor |  |  | 0.729 |  | 0.767* |
 Other |  |  | 0.649 |  | 0.733 |
Relational and contextual factors | |||||
 Spouse accompany (yes = 1, no = 0) |  |  |  | 1.161 | 1.078 |
 Number of strong ties to confide |  |  |  | 1.054*** | 1.052*** |
 Knowing medical staff (yes = 1, no = 0) |  |  |  | 1.540*** | 1.420*** |
 Number of community facilities |  |  |  | 1.023 | 1.015 |
 GDP per capita in the district (unit: 10,000 yuan) |  |  |  | 0.981 | 1.031 |
 Medical staff per 10,000 residents in the district |  |  |  | 1.018 | 1.002 |
 Individual-level Intercept | 2.181* | 2.567** | 2.018 | 0.695 | 0.911 |
 Log Likelihood | − 2288.98 | − 2269.16 | − 2252.12 | − 2259.44 | − 2215.69 |
 District-level Intercept | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.22 |
 Sample size | 3415 | 3415 | 3408 | 3415 | 3408 |