Table 3 Odds ratios of correlatives for use of traditional medicine based on multi-level logit regression models
From: Belief in and use of traditional Chinese medicine in Shanghai older adults: a cross-sectional study
|  | Model I | Model II | Model III | Model IV | Model V |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||
 Gender (male = 1, female = 0) | 0.762*** | 0.752*** | 0.690*** | 0.754*** | 0.681*** |
 Age (range: 50–100) | 1.007* | 0.998 | 1.010* | 1.012** | 1.005 |
 Residence (urban = 1, rural = 0) | 0.712* | 0.715* | 0.619** | 0.763 | 0.682* |
Medical factors | |||||
 Hypertension (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.166* |  |  | 1.138 |
 Cardiovascular diseases (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.447*** |  |  | 1.446*** |
 Stroke (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.947 |  |  | 0.991 |
 Pneumonia/ … / asthma (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.525*** |  |  | 1.559*** |
 Diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.156 |  |  | 1.188 |
 Depression (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.454 |  |  | 1.540 |
 Cancer (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 3.643*** |  |  | 3.391*** |
 Prostatitis (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.712** |  |  | 1.605** |
 Osteoporosis/osteoarthritis (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.300*** |  |  | 1.318** |
 Fracture (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.452* |  |  | 1.398 |
 Parkinson’s disease (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 0.560 |  |  | 0.572 |
 Nervous system disease (yes = 1, no = 0) |  | 1.389 |  |  | 1.446* |
Socioeconomics | |||||
 Education (primary school or below = 0) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Middle school |  |  | 1.175 |  | 1.206 |
 High/polytechnic school |  |  | 1.341* |  | 1.382* |
 Colleague or above. |  |  | 1.724*** |  | 1.753*** |
 Monthly income (range: 0–10,000 yuan) |  |  | 1.022 |  | 1.017 |
 Main occupation (professional/administrative = 0) |  |  |  |  |  |
 Clerk/service |  |  | 0.740* |  | 0.778* |
 Physical labor |  |  | 0.853 |  | 0.902 |
 Other |  |  | 0.829 |  | 0.910 |
Relational and contextual factors | |||||
 Spouse accompany (yes = 1, no = 0) |  |  |  | 1.141 | 1.129 |
 Number of strong ties to confide |  |  |  | 1.049*** | 1.044*** |
 Knowing medical staff (yes = 1, no = 0) |  |  |  | 1.191 | 1.085 |
 Number of community facilities |  |  |  | 1.026 | 1.022 |
 GDP per capita in the district (unit: 10,000 yuan) |  |  |  | 1.000 | 1.049 |
 Medical staff per 10,000 residents in the district |  |  |  | 1.022 | 1.008 |
Individual-level Intercept | 0.785 | 1.001 | 0.712 | 0.268** | 0.330* |
Log Likelihood | − 2307.47 | − 2250.28 | − 2285.15 | − 2289.81 | − 2217.10 |
Variance of District-level Intercept | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.12 |
Sample size | 3415 | 3415 | 3408 | 3415 | 3408 |