The risk of coronary artery disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using Chinese herbal products and conventional medicine in parallel: a population-based cohort study

Table 4 Hazard Ratios and 95% confidence intervals of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk associated with type of herbal formulae among RA patients

CHP prescription	CAD		Hazard Ratio(95% CI)
CHP prescription	n	No. of Event	Crude	Adjusted^†
Non-CHP group	4889	356	1 (reference)	1 (reference)
CHP group
Single Herb
1. Corydalis ambigua Cham. & Schltdl, family Papaveraceae (Yen-Hu-So, 延胡索)	1099	35	0.39 (0.28–0.55)***	0.45 (0.31–0.64)***
2. Spatholobus suberectus Dunn, family Leguminosae (Chi-Hsieh-Teng, 雞血藤)	935	36	0.46 (0.33–0.65)***	0.53 (0.37–0.75)***
3. Morus alba L., family Moraceae (Sang-Chih, 桑枝)	844	33	0.47 (0.33–0.67)***	0.56 (0.39–0.80)**
4. Aconitum wilsonii Stapf ex Veitch., family Ranunculaceae (Pao-Fu-Tzu, 炮附子)	764	25	0.42 (0.28–0.63)***	0.52 (0.35–0.79)**
5. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, family Lamiaceae (Tan-Tsen, 丹參)	721	29	0.48 (0.33–0.70)***	0.50 (0.34–0.73)***
Formulae
1. Kuei-Chih-Shao-Yao-Chih-Mu-Tang	1726	70	0.49 (0.38–0.63)***	0.55 (0.43–0.72)***
2. Tang-Kuei-Nien-Tung-Tang	1390	56	0.48 (0.36–0.64)***	0.54 (0.40–0.72)***
3. Shu-Ching-Huo-Hsieh-Tang	1165	40	0.40 (0.29–0.56)***	0.43 (0.31–0.60)***
4. Tu-Huo-Chi-Sheng-Tang	816	25	0.35 (0.24–0.53)***	0.38 (0.25–0.57)***
5. Chia-Wei-Hsiao-Yao-San	720	19	0.32 (0.20–0.51)***	0.43 (0.27–0.69)***

Abbreviations: IR incidence rates, per 1000 person-years; HR hazard ratio; CHP Chinese herbal products; COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ESRD end-stage renal disease
Adjusted HR^†: adjusted hazard ratio, mutually adjusted for accepted type of CHP, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, COPD, ESRD, NSAID uses, corticosteroid, DMARD and TNF- antagonists in Cox proportional hazard regression
**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

ISSN: 2662-7671