Fig. 2

The inhibitory effect of R. acetosa extract on collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Platelets were pre-incubated with or without R. acetosa extract (25–200 μg/mL) in the presence of 1 mM CaCl₂ for 2 min at 37 °C with stirring and stimulated with collagen (2.5 μg/mL) for 5 min (a-c). After the aggregation reaction was terminated, platelet aggregation was quantified and expressed as percentage. c Representative scanning electron microscopy images of platelets treated with various concentrations of extract or vehicle [Resting state (a), vehicle (b), R. acetosa extract 25 μg/mL (c), 50 μg/mL (d), 100 μg/mL (e), or 200 μg/mL (f)]. Each graph shows the mean ± SD of at least four independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 compared to the agonist control