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Fig. 4 | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Fig. 4

From: Effects of Vitex trifolia L. leaf extracts and phytoconstituents on cytokine production in human U937 macrophages

Fig. 4

Effects of artemetin, casticin, vitexilactone and maslinic acid on TNF-α and IL-1β production by human U937 macrophages. Fold change of TNF-α (a, c, e, g) and IL-1β (b, d, f, h) production relative to control in the supernatant of human U937 macrophages measured by ELISA. Cells were treated with none or varying concentrations of artemetin (a, b), casticin (c, d), vitexilactone (e, f), and maslinic acid (g, h) for 6 h, followed by LPS stimulation. Cytokine production by cells not treated with compound (ie. none) was taken as 1. The data are presented as mean fold change ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates. *p < 0.05

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