The use of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) in diarrhea and constipation involves calcium antagonism and cholinergic mechanisms

Table 4 Comparative inhibitory effects of E. hirta extract and its fractions in isolated rabbit jejunum

Sr. no.	Test material		EC₅₀ (mg/mL) value (95% CI; n = 4–6) against spontaneous movement	EC₅₀ (mg/mL) value (95% CI; n = 4–6) against high K⁺ (80 mM)-induced contractions	EC₅₀ (mg/mL) value (95% CI; n = 4–6) against low K⁺ (20 mM)-induced contractions
1.	EH.Cr	without atropine	5.09 (2.72–9.51)	1.90 (1.09–3.26)	1.89 (1.07–3.28)
1.	EH.Cr	with atropine	3.36 (1.86–6.03)	1.90 (1.09–3.26)	1.89 (1.07–3.28)
2.	Pet.EH	without atropine	0.28 (0.032–2.43)	0.19 (0.05–0.62)	0.19 (0.06–0.60)
2.	Pet.EH	with atropine	0.29 (0.07–1.08)	0.19 (0.05–0.62)	0.19 (0.06–0.60)
3.	CHCl₃.EH	without atropine	0.40 (0.26–0.61)	0.83 (0.35–1.95)	0.83 (0.32–1.90)
3.	CHCl₃.EH	with atropine	0.32 (0.21–0.48)	0.83 (0.35–1.95)	0.83 (0.32–1.90)
4.	Et.Ac.EH	without atropine	2.53 (1.59–4.04)	1.38 (0.86–2.19)	1.38 (0.88–2.2)
4.	Et.Ac.EH	with atropine	1.55 (0.88–2.71)	1.38 (0.86–2.19)	1.38 (0.88–2.2)
5.	Aq.EH	without atropine	N/A	N/A	N/A
5.	Aq.EH	with atropine	6.35 (2.78–14.48)	N/A	N/A
6.	Quercetin	without atropine	2.57 (1.63–4.03)	2.57 (1.63–4.03)	2.50 (1.55–4.1)
6.	Quercetin	with atropine	2.57 (1.63–4.03)	2.57 (1.63–4.03)	2.50 (1.55–4.1)
7.	Nifedipine	without atropine	0.13 (0.11–0.44)	0.13 (0.11–0.44)	0.13 (0.11–0.44)
7.	Nifedipine	with atropine	0.13 (0.11–0.44)	0.13 (0.11–0.44)	0.13 (0.11–0.44)

Values showed geometric means with 95% confidence intervals (CI) in parenthesis. “n” shows number of experiments
Abbreviations: EH.Cr the crude extract of E. hirta, Pet.EH petroleum ether fraction, CHCl₃.EH chloroform fraction, Et.Ac.EH ethyl acetate fraction, Aq.EH aqueous fraction

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