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Fig. 6 | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Fig. 6

From: The use of Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae) in diarrhea and constipation involves calcium antagonism and cholinergic mechanisms

Fig. 6

The concentration-dependent excitatory effect of the crude extract of E. hirta (a) quercetin (b) and nifedipine (c) without and with atropine (0.1 μM) on isolated rat ileum. {*/+P < 0.05, **/++P < 0.01 and ***/+++P < 0.001] vs. baseline and without atropine responses, ns represents non-significant (One-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s test). The data shown as mean ± S.E.M, n = 4–6 individual experiments using tissues of 4 to 5 different animals

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