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Table 1 One Month Study Histopathology Analysis: Test of Group Differences (n = 46; 22 females, 24 males)

From: Toxicology studies of aqueous-alcohol extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens subsp. procumbens (Burch.) DC.Ex Meisn. (Pedaliaceae) in female and male rats

 

Control

(n = 12)

2014 HP

(n = 11)

2016 HP

(n = 11)

2016 Butanolic HP

(n = 12)

X2 (df) p

 

Scoring:

None - # (%)

Mild - # (%)

None - # (%)

Mild - # (%)

None - # (%)

Mild - # (%)

None - # (%)

Mild - # (%)

 

Lung

Inflammation

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Edema

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Liver

Degeneration

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Inflammation

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Necrosis & hemorrhage

12 (100)

0 (0)

10 (91)

1 (9)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (92)

1 (8)

2.10 (3) .55

Fibrosis

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Apoptosis

**

**

1

**

1

**

**

Kidney

Glomerulonephritis

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Tubular degeneration / necrosis

12 (100)

0 (0)

9 (82)

2 (18)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (92)

1 (8)

4.12 (3) .25

Interstitial nephritis

12 (100)

0 (0)

10 (91)

1 (9)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (92)

1 (8)

2.10 (3) .55

Proteinuria

10 (83)

2 (17)

6 (55)

5 (45)

8 (73)

3 (27)

7 (58)

5 (42)

2.80 (3) .42

***

Heart

Inflammation

9 (75)

3 (25)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

9.09 (3) .03

Necrosis

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Fibrosis

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Stomach

Inflammation

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Mucosal erosion / ulceration

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Small Intestine

Inflammation

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Mucosal erosion / ulceration

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Large Intestine

Inflammation

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

Mucosal erosion / ulceration

12 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

11 (100)

0 (0)

12 (100)

0 (0)

*

  1. # Data included in the attached Excel file
  2. * Chi-square test statistic of differences in level of response between groups not computed due to distribution of responses - no variability in level of response
  3. ** Liver apoptosis was not recorded for any male animals; only noted as “mild” in 2 female rats; no coding for the other female rats and all the male rats
  4. *** An additional statistical test comparing control and 2014 HP groups. X2 (df) p → 2.25 (1) .13. No significant difference between the two most extreme groups
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