The ameliorative effect of monotropein, astragalin, and spiraeoside on oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial signaling pathway in varicocelized rats

Table 3 Effect of MAS 200 on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammatory in varicocele-induced male SD rats

Parameter	CTR	MAS 200	VC	VC + MAS 200
MDA (μmole/mg protein)	7.37 ± 0.07	6.26 ± 0.69	11.38 ± 0.51^*	5.46 ± 1.05^##
ROS/RNS (nanomole DCF/ mg protein)	86.71 ± 10.91	83.55 ± 9.68	181.84 ± 10.51^***	67.51 ± 11.88^###
SOD level (units/mg protein)	8.32 ± 0.26	7.03 ± 0.63	4.12 ± 0.30^***	6.10 ± 0.47^#
GPx (nanomoles/min/mg protein)	33.44 ± 2.25	40.17 ± 3.02	23.82 ± 2.19^*	37.72 ± 1.75^##
Catalase (nanomoles/min/mg protein)	122.01 ± 8.75	138.32 ± 14.56	81.81 ± 12.82	149.03 ± 8.37^##
IL-6 (pg/mg protein)	1636.12 ± 111.90	1779.21 ± 45.16	3165.71 ± 489.91^**	1552.65 ± 153.45^##
TNF-α (pg/mg protein)	962.54 ± 52.38	889.23 ± 42.60	1684.47 ± 94.90^***	920.37 ± 37.06^###

Data are presented in mean ± SEM. The differences were tested by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test; n = 10 for each group. ^*Significant at P < 0.05; ^** Significant at P < 0.01; ^*** Significant at P < 0.001- versus CTR group; ^#Significant at P < 0.05; ^##Significant at P < 0.01; ^###Significant at P < 0.001- versus VC group. CTR control, MAS 200 MAS 200 mg/kg p.o., VC varicocele, VC + MAS 200 MAS 200 mg/kg p.o., MDA Malondialdehyde, ROS/RNS reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species, SOD superoxide dismutase, GPx glutathione peroxidase, IL-6 interleukin-6, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor- α, p.o. per oral, ANOVA analysis of variance, SEM standard error of the mean

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