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Table 3 Herbal medicines most frequently used by elderly people. Macapa, Brazil, from 2016 to 2017

From: Microbial contamination in herbal medicines: a serious health hazard to elderly consumers

Botanical namea

Popular name

Reported properties and uses

N (%)

Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br

Cidreira

Relaxation and digestive problems

18 (13.6)

Peumus boldus Molina

Boldo

Digestive and liver problems

13 (9.9)

Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf

Capim-marino

Relaxation and digestive problems

11 (8.3)

Carapa guianensis Aubl.

Andiroba

Inflammation, bruises

8 (6.1)

Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.

Copaíba

Inflammation, infections

6 (4.5)

Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville

Babatimão

Infections, wound healing, pain, inflammation

6 (4.5)

Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw.

Canaficha

Kidney problems (diuretic effect)

3 (2.3)

Arrabidaea chica (Bonpl.) Verl.

Pariri

Pain, fever, inflammation and/or spasms

3 (2.3)

Associations of plant species

 

Sexual stimulants, inflammatory disease of the female reproductive system, rheumatic diseases, etc.

51 (38.6)

Others

13 (9.9)

Total

132 (100)

  1. aThe classification of botanical names was performed according to THE PLANTS LIST® database [20]. The botanical identification of the herbal medicines obtained in pharmacies was derived from the labels / packages, and the herbal medicines obtained in gardens, fairs and popular markets were identified by visual comparison with pictures and images from online herbariums (reportedly used by the interviewees to provide relief against illnesses)