Fig. 6

A summary diagram demonstrating the contribution of IGF-1/IGFBP to transcriptional levels of PPAR-γ, VEGF, and HIF-1α under the administration of BV intervention. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is produced in hepatocytes, other tissues and tumor cells [3]. IGF-1 binds as a complex with IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) in circulation to control IGF homeostasis and control IGF-1 signaling in target tissues where cells present transmembrane IGF-1 receptor [5]. Downstream IGF signaling was depicted in two pathways of phosphatidil-inositol-3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) and mitogen activating protein kinase/extracellular receptor kinase (MEK/ERK), can both induce angiogenesis [5, 36]. The activity of mediators in Ras/MAPK pathway can ultimately upregulate the transcription of genes involved in the proliferation of entails angiogenesis [5]. Consumption of BV juice contains berberine. Berberine led to enhanced plasma levels of IGFBP-1 and subsequently decreased IGF-1/IGFBP-1. Berberine can interact in different parts of PI3K/Akt pathway and MEK/ERK [34,37,38,36], suggesting as the main mechanism could explain down-regulating effects of BV juice on PPAR-γ, VEGF, and HIF-1α. Tested biomarkers were shown with BV colored by red