Investigation of Brassica juncea, Forsythia suspensa, and Inula britannica: phytochemical properties, antiviral effects, and safety

Bae, Won-Young; Kim, Hyeong-Yeop; Choi, Kyoung-Sook; Chang, Kyung Hoon; Hong, Young-Ho; Eun, Jongsu; Lee, Na-Kyoung; Paik, Hyun-Dong

doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2670-x

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Table 2 Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-Q/Orbitrap tandem mass analysis of medicinal herbs

From: Investigation of Brassica juncea, Forsythia suspensa, and Inula britannica: phytochemical properties, antiviral effects, and safety

Medicinal herbs	Extract Solvents	Compounds	Retention time (min)	m/z [M-H]	MS² fragment	Molecular formula (Neutral form)	Contents (μg/mg)	References
Brassica juncea	Ethanol	Sinigrin	1.14	358.02533	96.95830	C₁₀H₁₇NO₉S₂	1.458 ± 0.027	[33, 34]
	Ethanol	Chlorogenic acid	18.03	353.20108	96.95840	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	< LOQ^a	[35]
	Water	Sinigrin	1.18	358.02857	96.95876	C₁₀H₁₇NO₉S₂	4.116 ± 0.129	[33, 34]
		р-Coumaric acid	5.67	163.03907	119.04838	C₉H₈O₃	< LOQ	[35]
		Kaempferol	13.43	285.04058		C₁₅H₁₀O₆	< LOQ	[35, 36]
		Chlorogenic acid	21.86	353.20112	96.95842	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	< LOQ	[35]
Forsythia suspensa	Ethanol	Caffeic acid	1.05	179.03373	135.04332	C₉H₈O₄	< LOQ	[37]
		Arctigenin	1.08	371.12045	325.18523	C₂₁H₂₄O₆	2.270 ± 0.122	[38, 39]
		Vanillic acid	1.21	167.03438	123.04418, 108.02051	C₈H₈O₄	0.653 ± 0.131	[37, 39]
		Protocatechuic acid	2.18	153.01786	109.02791	C₇H₆O₄	0.426 ± 0.026	[39, 40]
		Astragalin	3.21	447.09172	269.10268	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₁	0.730 ± 0.027	[38]
		Forsythoside A	3.48	623.19776	179.03370	C₂₉H₃₆O₁₅	168.735 ± 1.549	[38,39,40]
		Chlorogenic acid	3.71	353.23580	191.05486, 96.95844	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	0.351 ± 0.010	[39, 41]
		Rutin	4.56	609.14181	300.02756	C₂₇H₃₀O₁₆	< LOQ	[39,40,41]
		Forsythoside G	6.26	769.25908	179.03370	C₃₅H₄₆O₁₉	< LOQ	[39]
		Quercetin	12.27	301.03568	178.99739, 151.00303	C₁₅H₁₀O₇	0.245 ± 0.054	[37,38,39,40]
		Kaempferol	12.56	285.04062		C₁₅H₁₀O₆	< LOQ	[38,39,40]
	Water	Forsythoside A	6.10	623.19745	179.03355	C₂₉H₃₆O₁₅	78.735 ± 1.703	[38,39,40]
	Water	Chlorogenic acid	27.76	353.20124	96.95845	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	0.530 ± 0.014	[39, 41]
Inula britannica	Ethanol	Protocatechuic acid	0.03	153.01790	109.02793	C₇H₆O₄	0.428 ± 0.010	[13]
		Caffeic acid	0.99	179.03378	135.04408	C₉H₈O₄	< LOQ	[13]
		Chlorogenic acid	1.15	353.20122	191.05492, 96.95845	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	0.579 ± 0.019	[14]
		Ergolide	1.17	305.07113	96.95837	C₁₇H₂₂O₅	< LOQ	[13, 15, 42]
		Syringic acid	1.47	197.80735	151.06027	C₉H₁₀O₅	< LOQ	[13]
		Isoquercetin	2.81	463.08749	300.02766	C₂₁H₂₀O₁₂	< LOQ	[16]
		Nepitrin	4.80	477.10246	315.05086	C₂₂H₂₂O₁₂	< LOQ	[13, 17]
		Rutin	5.83	609.14910	300.02769	C₂₇H₃₀O₁₆	0.664 ± 0.010
		Quercetin	5.84	301.03572	178.99742, 151.00220	C₁₅H₁₀O₇	6.142 ± 0.390	[13, 15, 18, 19]
		Kaempferol	6.34	285.04067		C₁₅H₁₀O₆	0.221 ± 0.025	[12, 13, 17, 18]
		6-Methoxyluteolin	6.50	315.05071	300.02767	C₁₆H₁₂O₇	4.261 ± 0.137	[15, 17, 19]
		Patuletin	9.60	331.04501	316.02324, 285.04065	C₁₆H₁₂O₈	< LOQ	[12, 13, 20]
		Ferulic acid	10.92	193.04926	147.02829	C₁₀H₁₀O₄	0.865 ± 0.012	[13]
		Hispidulin	13.60	299.05650	284.03236	C₁₆H₁₂O₆	0.867 ± 0.083
	Water	Chlorogenic acid	0.02	353.20114	191.05487	C₁₆H₁₈O₉	< LOQ	[14]
		Caffeic acid	0.11	179.03377	135.04334	C₉H₈O₄	2.396 ± 0.028	[13]
		Ergolide	0.95	305.06863	96.95835	C₁₇H₂₂O₅	< LOQ	[13, 15, 42]
		Quercetin	1.02	301.20163	178.99738, 151.00216	C₁₅H₁₀O₇	< LOQ	[13, 15, 18, 19]
		Vanillic acid	1.41	167.03338	123.04357	C₈H₈O₄	0.824 ± 0.028	[13]
		Protocatechuic acid	2.03	153.01789	109.02792	C₇H₆O₄	0.177 ± 0.025	[13]
		6-Methoxyluteolin	2.50	315.05063	300.02761	C₁₆H₁₂O₇	< LOQ	[15, 17, 19]
		Kaempferol	13.36	285.04061		C₁₅H₁₀O₆	< LOQ	[12, 13, 17, 18]

Experiments were conducted in triplicate
Quantification of phytochemical compounds are shown as means ± standard deviations of three independent experiments
^aLOQ, limit of quantification

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