Table 1 Effect of annonacin on the promotion stage of DMBA/TPA-induced mouse skin tumorigenesis after 22 weeks of treatment

I (vehicle control)

10

10

23.8 ± 0.6^a

31.7 ± 1.3^a

0.05^a

0.01^a

–

–

–

–

–

II (carcinogen control)

10

10

24.0 ± 0.6^a

32.4 ± 0.7^ab

0.07^b

0.02^a

7^a

100^a

2.2 ± 0.4^a

7.9 ± 1.7^a

0.61 ± 0.3^a

III (treatment, annonacin)

10

10

22.6 ± 0.5^a

29.6 ± 1.2^a

0.05^a

0.01^a

9^b

50^b

1.6 ± 0.3^a

1.7 ± 0.4^b

0.96 ± 0.4^a

IV (treatment control)

10

10

23.6 ± 0.6^a

35.3 ± 1.0^b

0.05^a

0.01^a

–

–

–

–

–

V (reference, curcumin)

10

10

23.4 ± 0.7^a

31.7 ± 1.4^a

0.05^a

0.01^a

8^ab

70^ab

1.8 ± 0.3^a

1.9 ± 0.4^b

1.3 ± 0.4^a