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Table 1 Chemical constituents in methanol extracts of rice husk

From: Inhibitory effect of purple rice husk extract on AFB1-induced micronucleus formation in rat liver through modulation of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes

Phytochemicals

(per gram extract)

White rice husk

Purple rice husk

Spectrophotometric method

 Total phenolic compounds (mg GAE)

37.92 ± 3.35

108.55 ± 14.44*

 Total flavonoids (mg CE)

14.76 ± 1.05

46.55 ± 3.27*

HPLC method

 Protocatechuic acid (mg)

ND

3.46 ± 0.00*

 Vanillic acid (mg)

1.36 ± 0.20

6.25 ± 0.01*

 p-Coumaric acid (mg)

3.70 ± 0.04

3.93 ± 0.00*

 Epicatechin (mg)

8.25 ± 0.04

6.10 ± 0.03*

 Apigenin (mg)

ND

0.82 ± 0.00*

 Cyanidin-3-glucoside (mg)

ND

1.96 ± 0.00*

 Peonidin-3-glucoside (mg)

ND

1.15 ± 0.01*

 Total γ-oryzanol (mg)

4.87 ± 0.13

2.66 ± 0.07*

 Total vitamin E (μg)

138.03 ± 2.08

317.99 ± 2.54*

 α – tocopherol (μg)

10.69 ± 0.30

61.97 ± 0.21*

 β – tocopherol (μg)

27.13 ± 0.15

23.71 ± 0.22*

 γ – tocopherol (μg)

19.68 ± 0.29

77.81 ± 0.88*

 δ – tocopherol (μg)

ND

24.09 ± 0.12*

 α – tocotrienol (μg)

ND

14.55 ± 0.04*

 γ – tocotrienol (μg)

80.54 ± 2.21

115.86 ± 2.22*

 δ – tocotrienol (μg)

ND

ND

  1. Values expressed as mean ± SD of three independent replicate for spectrophotometric method and independent duplicate for HPLC method. ND not detected,
  2. GAE gallic acid equivalent, CE catechin equivalent
  3. *Significantly different from white rice husk (p < 0.05)