Topical hydrogel containing Fumaria vaillantii Loisel. extract enhances wound healing in rats

Table 1 Stress (N/mm²), maximum mechanical strength (f_max,N), absorbed energy (area up to f_max(N × mm)), deformation (mm), stiffness(N/mm) 10 days post wound healing ^a

Parameters	Stress (N/mm²)	f_max (N)	Area up to f_max(N × mm)	Deformation (mm)	Stiffness(N/mm)
Groups	Stress (N/mm²)	f_max (N)	Area up to f_max(N × mm)	Deformation (mm)	Stiffness(N/mm)
F.vaillantii Gel	0.46 ± 0.06	19.08 ± 2.40	240.8 ± 30.63	22.49 ± 2.58	1.38 ± 0.15
Gel base	0.47 ± 0.05	19.99 ± 2.10	259.2 ± 53.09	23.34 ± 2.46	1.36 ± 0.10
Negative control	0.41 ± 0.08	18.03 ± 4.20	164.5 ± 68.26	14.52 ± 3.65	1.29 ± 0.14
Normal skin	0.77 ± 0.02^*	34.52 ± 3.83^*	600.3 ± 35.91^****	30.49 ± 1.95^**	1.49 ± 0.15

^aValues are mean ± SEM of 5 animals in each group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, **** p < 0001 were considered significant compared to negative control group

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