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Table 4 ANCOVA comparison of Bikram yoga versus HIIT scores of primary and secondary outcomes at post-intervention (t1) after controlling for baseline (t0) scores. Displayed are t0 means (M) and standard deviations (SD), ANCOVA t1 estimated marginal means (M), SD, F value, p- value, and partial eta-squared effect sizes. Missing data was replaced by single imputation of the mean

From: #MindinBody - feasibility of vigorous exercise (Bikram yoga versus high intensity interval training) to improve persistent pain in women with a history of trauma: a pilot randomized control trial

 

t0 Bikram yoga

(n = 17)

t0 HIIT

(n = 15)

t1 Bikram yoga

(n = 17)

t1 HIIT

(n = 15

 

Partial eta squared

Response Variable

M

SD

M

SD

Ma

SD

Ma

SD

F-value

p-value

Primary Outcome

 BPI TOT

6.80

3.16

9.23

3.79

6.79

3.71

6.67

4.16

0.01

0.914

0.000

 BPI-Severity

3.23

1.50

4.61

1.43

3.19

1.52

3.47

1.86

0.32

0.577

0.011

 BPI-Interference

3.57

1.84

4.41

2.49

3.44

2.48

3.37

2.41

0.01

0.920

0.000

Secondary Outcomes

 SF-36 PF

74.41

16.85

72.67

20.34

80.91

18.27

68.96

18.45

6.17

0.019*

0.175

 SF-36 RP

52.21

23.79

56.67

25.92

54.90

18.85

54.13

23.52

0.01

0.918

0.000

 SF-36 BP

45.94

15.40

42.67

20.61

55.39

18.60

44.75

21.21

2.35

0.136

0.075

 SF-36 GH

36.66

19.97

23.36

20.80

44.85

21.29

43.51

23.55

0.08

0.786

0.003

 SF-36 VT

30.15

22.99

29.17

18.85

39.13

20.58

39.29

15.87

0.001

0.978

0.000

 SF-36 SF

52.21

23.90

50.00

25.88

64.42

26.23

52.41

23.07

1.96

0.173

0.063

 SF-36 RE

53.43

29.03

48.33

27.13

66.12

23.84

65.77

25.42

0.02

0.965

0.000

 SF-36 MH

54.12

21.16

47.00

19.07

63.94

16.67

49.37

16.42

9.09

0.005*

0.239

 DASS-21 Stress

10.29

4.48

12.00

3.91

8.93

5.42

9.52

4.52

0.11

0.742

0.004

 DASS-21 Anxiety

5.94

4.60

7.47

4.93

5.16

4.18

6.16

6.12

0.50

0.484

0.017

 DASS-21 Depression

8.76

5.67

9.27

5.06

6.69

5.78

7.38

6.30

0.12

0.732

0.004

 SIDES-SR total

12.78

9.87

15.46

12.88

10.03

9.10

10.79

10.72

0.07

0.795

0.002

 FFMQ total

117.41

19.94

110.20

50.42

120.41

13.94

122.47

19.93

0.28

0.600

0.010

 CSE

123.76

45.91

115.07

20.94

142.45

46.53

130.66

50.24

0.59

0.450

0.020

 HR

67

12

72

12

69

10

72

10

0.82

0.374

0.028

 SDNN

65.27

33.09

53.11

18.14

68.01

36.43

51.94

14.75

5.612

0.025*b

0.162

 LFnu

48.99

16.21

49.75

18.21

44.94

23.76

55.33

17.85

2.94

0.097

0.092

 HFnu

47.17

15.65

48.08

16.73

54.02

22.14

42.59

16.93

3.49

0.072

0.107

 SAP

112

9

109

9

112

11

112

8

0.02

0.905

0.001

 DAP

73

11

71

10

74

10

74

10

0.10

0.755

0.003

  1. Abbreviations: HIIT High Intensity Interval Training, SD Standard deviation, BPI TOT combined severity and interference scores of the Brief Pain Inventory, PF Physical Functioning, RP Role Physical, BP Body Pain, GH General Health, VT Vitality, SF Social Functioning, RE Role Emotional, MH Mental Health, DASS Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale, SIDES-SR Self-Report Instrument for Disorders of Extreme Stress, FFMQ Five Factor Mindfulness Scale, CSE Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, HR Heart Rate, HRV Heart Rate Variability, SDNN Standard Deviation of the Normal beat to Normal beat interval, LFnu Low-Frequency normalized units, HFnu High-Frequency normalized units, SAP Systolic arterial pressure, DAP Diastolic arterial pressure
  2. *Significant: p < 0.05
  3. a ANCOVA estimated marginal means (adjusted for t0 scores)
  4. bA square-root transformation adjusted to remove outliers
  5. Partial eta squared: small effect (0.01) - medium effect (0.09), large effect (0.25)
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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

ISSN: 2662-7671

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