Table 1 The detailed characteristics of each selected study
Author | Study design | Initial inclusion of patients | Mean age, years (I/C) | Intervention in the control group | Intervention in the Qigong group | Actual number in control group | Actual number in experimental group | Qigong style | Protocol for Qigong |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Xu 2010 [33] | RCT | 40 | 57.02/57.51 | Conventional drugs | Conventional drugs + Qigong | 20 | 20 | Baduanjin | 60 min/time, 1 time/day, 1 year |
Xue 2015 [35] | RCT | 59 | 66.73/63.89 | Conventional drugs | Conventional drugs + Qigong | 28 | 31 | Baduanjin | 30 min/time, at least 4 times/week, 6 months |
Guo 2016 [36] | RCT | 120 | 70.87/70.79 | Conventional drugs + routine health advice + walking | Conventional drugs + routine health advice + Qigong | 56 | 55 | Baduanjin | 30 min/time, 4 times/week, 36 weeks |
Booby 2011 [25] | RCT | 80 | 71.7/73.1 | Conventional rehabilitation + walking | Qigong | 29 | 23 | Baduanjin | 45 min/time, at least 4 times/week,6 months |
Yi 2013 [37] | RCT | 22 | 70.40/69.17 | Conventional drugs + breathing exercise | Conventional drugs + Qigong | 12 | 10 | Baduanjin | 30 min/time, 1 time/day, 6 months |
Wang 2013 [34] | RCT | 87 | 71.16/74.40 | Conventional drugs + conventional rehabilitation | Conventional drugs + conventional rehabilitation + Qigong | 41 | 39 | Liuzijue | 30 min/time, 2 times/day, 1 year |
Xiao 2015 [31] | RCT | 126 | 72.20/70.90 | Walking | Walking + Qigong | 60 | 59 | Liuzijue | 45 min/time, at least 4 times/week, 6 months |
Gao 2015 [38] | RCT | 120 | 71.42/74.24 | Conventional drugs + conventional rehabilitation | Conventional drugs + conventional rehabilitation + Qigong | 57 | 55 | Yijinjing | 60 min/time, 2 times/day, 6 months |
Zhang 2016 [32] | RCT | 148 | 64.77/62.35 | Conventional rehabilitation | Conventional rehabilitation + Qigong | 45 | 42 | Yijinjing | 60 min/day, split the 60-min practice time into morning and afternoon sessions, 6 months |
Liu 2012 [30] | RCT | 96 | 61.82/62.20 | Conventional rehabilitation | Conventional rehabilitation + Qigong | 35 | 51 | Reproduced Qigong | 60 min/time, 3 times/week, 6 months |