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Fig. 4 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 4

From: Baltic amber teething necklaces: could succinic acid leaching from beads provide anti-inflammatory effects?

Fig. 4

The effects of succinic acid and anti-inflammatory drugs on inflammatory cytokine production. THP-1 human macrophage cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence of the indicated concentrations of each drug and the production of various inflammatory cytokines after 4 h of stimulation were measured by ELISA. Results are presented on a scale that is normalised against results for LPS-only cells. Culture supernatant concentrations of IL-1α (a-d), IL-1β (e-h), IL-8 (i-l) and TNFα (m-p) in the presence of hydrocortisone (a, e, I, m), ibuprofen (b, f, j, n), paracetamol (c, g, k, o) or succinic acid (d, h, l, p). Points represent mean ± SE of 3 independent experiments

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