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Table 4 Serum liver and kidney parameters in rats treated orally with GLES for 90 days

From: Safety assessment of the ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium Benth. leaves: a 90-day oral toxicity study in Sprague Dawley rats

 

Control

GLES1

GLES2

GLES3

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

ALT (IU/L)

50.80 ± 3.97

60.70 ± 4.38

51.60 ± 1.29

62.50 ± 3.43

49.80 ± 3.54

60.80 ± 2.97

48.60 ± 2.59

58.50 ± 2.81

AST (IU/L)

157.00 ± 19.56

216.10 ± 21.63

127.60 ± 8.39

208.00 ± 17.10

172.10 ± 19.46

210.20 ± 21.85

113.30 ± 10.88

170.40 ± 16.58

TP (g/L)

81.40 ± 1.64

70.90 ± 1.73

82.30 ± 1.48

73.90 ± 1.55

85.00 ± 1.82

72.20 ± 1.58

81.10 ± 0.90

73.70 ± 1.22

ALB (g/L)

35.10 ± 0.89

32.40 ± 1.28

34.10 ± 0.66

32.00 ± 1.51

36.70 ± 0.63

33.40 ± 1.28

34.60 ± 0.58

33.60 ± 1.24

ALP (IU/L)

115.00 ± 14.42

123.70 ± 10.51

143.50 ± 18.45

128.30 ± 16.34

88.90 ± 14.48

138.50 ± 20.32

109.30 ± 10.46

108.50 ± 7.30

GLO (g/L)

46.30 ± 1.14

38.50 ± 2.46

48.20 ± 1.93

41.90 ± 2.11

48.30 ± 1.63

38.80 ± 2.46

46.50 ± 0.54

40.10 ± 2.33

BUN (mM/L)

5.56 ± 0.30

7.32 ± 0.19

5.73 ± 0.17

7.76 ± 0.25

5.85 ± 0.41

7.75 ± 0.24

4.88 ± 0.19

7.92 ± 0.25

CREA (mM/L)

39.60 ± 2.16

35.60 ± 3.59

39.10 ± 1.17

35.90 ± 3.99

42.00 ± 2.65

32.10 ± 3.21

39.60 ± 0.88

32.10 ± 1.87

Ca (mM/L)

2.78 ± 0.03

2.44 ± 0.03

2.79 ± 0.03

2.47 ± 0.02

2.73 ± 0.02

2.47 ± 0.02

2.72 ± 0.03

2.51 ± 0.02

P (mM/L)

2.25 ± 0.09

2.81 ± 0.05

2.40 ± 0.09

2.79 ± 0.11

2.17 ± 0.08

2.75 ± 0.11

2.07 ± 0.09

2.70 ± 0.06

  1. n = 10 rats/sex/group; data are presented as mean ± SEM