Growth environment and organ specific variation in in-vitro cytoprotective activities of Picea mariana in PC12 cells exposed to glucose toxicity: a plant used for treatment of diabetes symptoms by the Cree of Eeyou Istchee (Quebec, Canada)

Table 3 Bioactivity of Picea mariana cone extracts in PC12-AC grown in hyperglycemic media

Extract ID^a	Bioactivity in hyperglycemic media^b
3BC	Cytoprotective
7BC	Cytoprotective
11BC	Mitogenic
12BC	Mitogenic
14BC	None
15BC	None

^aThe extract ID code defines the growth environment (Area#1–21, Fig. 1), habitat (B Bog or F forest) and organ (C cone). For example, 1BC is an extract prepared from cones collected in a bog habitat at location #1
^bBioactivity was classified comparing a 96 h treatment in hyperglycemic (150 mM) serum-free media. Viable cell number following extract treatment was established using the WST-1 assay compared to standard curves of known cell number. Vehicle control was 0.1% DMSO. Extracts that at two or more concentrations increased viable cell number to values significantly higher than the normoglucose controls (> 100%) were classified as mitogenic, those which significantly protected cells from high glucose toxicity without apparent mitogenic activity were classified as cytoprotective, and those which enhanced glucotoxicity were classified as cytotoxic. Statistics were ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey tested vs. vehicle-treated cultures in normo- or high glucose media. All concentration-response data and statistical analyses are presented in Additional file 3: Figure S3