Growth environment and organ specific variation in in-vitro cytoprotective activities of Picea mariana in PC12 cells exposed to glucose toxicity: a plant used for treatment of diabetes symptoms by the Cree of Eeyou Istchee (Quebec, Canada)

Table 2 Bioactivity of Picea mariana bark extracts in PC12-AC grown in hyperglycemic media

Extract ID^a	Bioactivity in hyperglycemic media^b
1FB	Mitogenic
1BB	Mitogenic
2FB	Cytoprotective
2BB	Cytoprotective
3FB	Cytoprotective
3BB	Cytoprotective
4FB	Cytoprotective
4BB	Cytoprotective
5FB	None
5BB	None
6FB	Cytoprotective/Mitogenic
6BB	Cytoprotective/Mitogenic
7FB	Cytoprotective
7BB	Cytoprotective
11FB	None
11BB	Cytoprotective
14FB	None
14BB	None

^aThe extract ID code defines the growth environment (Area#1–21, Fig. 1), habitat (B Bog or F forest) and organ (B bark). For example, 1FB is an extract prepared from bark collected in a forest habitat at location #1
^bBioactivity was classified using a 96 h treatment in hyperglycemic (150 mM) serum-free media. Viable PC12-AC cell number following extract treatment was established using the WST-1 assay compared to standard curves of known cell number. Vehicle control was 0.1% DMSO. Extracts that at two or more concentrations increased viable cell number to values significantly higher than the normoglucose controls (> 100%) were classified as mitogenic, those which significantly protected cells from high glucose toxicity without apparent mitogenic activity were classified as cytoprotective, and those which enhanced glucotoxicity were classified as cytotoxic. Samples classified with dual bioactivities (ie. Cytoprotective/Mitogenic) are possible when two concentrations satisfy our definition of one bioactivity (ie. Cytoprotective) and two other concentrations from the same sample are in another category (ie. Mitogenic). Statistics were ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey tested vs. vehicle-treated cultures in normo- or high glucose media. All concentration-response data and statistical analyses are presented in Additional file 2: Figure S2