From: Hypoglycemic effects of esculeoside A are mediated via activation of AMPK and upregulation of IRS-1
Item | Db/dm mice | Untreated db/db mice | Treated db/db mice |
---|---|---|---|
Serum | |||
 TC (mmol/L) | 3.32 ± 0.22 | 7.05 ± 0.38a | 6.86 ± 0.87a |
 TG (mmol/L) | 0.96 ± 0.08 | 1.26 ± 0.19a | 1.20 ± 0.25a |
 INS (mIU/L) | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 70.1 ± 9.5a | 64.2 ± 12.1a |
 ALT (U/L) | 24.3 ± 1.9 | 59.2 ± 4.8a | 61.3 ± 7.2a |
 AST (U/L) | 49.5 ± 3.1 | 88.8 ± 7.2a | 81.5 ± 9.8a |
 TNF-α (ng/L) | 95.3 ± 9.8 | 390.6 ± 23.8a | 355.1 ± 19.5b |
 IL-6 (ng/L) | 33.5 ± 3.6 | 150.5 ± 14.8a | 123.8 ± 19.2a |
 IL-1β (ng/L) | 6.5 ± 0.7 | 11.8 ± 1.5a | 8.5 ± 1.9a |
Liver | |||
 Liver index (mg/g) | 49.58 ± 1.14 | 57.25 ± 1.57a | 50.98 ± 1.98b |
 TC (mg/mg prot) | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.31 ± 0.04a | 0.33 ± 0.05a |
 TG (mg//mg prot) | 1.67 ± 0.25 | 5.68 ± 0.61a | 5.46 ± 0.92a |
 TNF-α (pg/mg prot) | 2.38 ± 0.35 | 4.71 ± 0.49a | 2.96 ± 0.28b |
 IL-6 (pg/mg prot) | 3.12 ± 0.35 | 12.15 ± 0.78a | 10.96 ± 1.02a |
 IL-1β (pg/mg prot) | 0.77 ± 0.09 | 2.07 ± 0.22a | 1.68 ± 0.21a |
 SOD (U/mg prot) | 4.61 ± 0.39 | 4.35 ± 0.42 | 4.26 ± 0.48 |
 MDA(nmol/mg prot) | 2.67 ± 0.31 | 4.32 ± 0.35a | 3.11 ± 0.31b |