Skip to main content

Table 2 Effect of red wine and dealcoholized red wine on the live/dead cell ratio (i.e. the area occupied by living cells divided by the area occupied by dead cells) of the whole biofilm obtained by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). PBS: phosphate buffer saline, EtOH: ethanol

From: Antimicrobial activity of red wine and oenological extracts against periodontal pathogens in a validated oral biofilm model

Exposure time

Chemical treatment

Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error

Sig.b

95% Confidence Interval for Differenceb

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

1 min

PBS

12% EtOH

0.727

0.208

0.018a

0.101

1.352

Red wine

1.300

0.208

0.000a

0.674

1.926

Dealcoholized wine

1.197

0.208

0.000a

0.571

1.822

12% EtOH

PBS

-0.727

0.208

0.018a

-1.352

-0.101

Red wine

0.573

0.208

0.084

-0.052

1.199

Dealcoholized wine

0.470

0.208

0.229

-0.156

1.096

Red wine

PBS

-1.300

0.208

0.000a

-1.926

-0.674

12% EtOH

-0.573

0.208

0.084

-1.199

0.052

Dealcoholized wine

-0.103

0.208

1.000

-0.729

0.522

Dealcoholized wine

PBS

-1.197

0.208

0.000a

-1.822

-0.571

12% EtOH

-0.470

0.208

0.229

-1.096

0.156

Red wine

0.103

0.208

1.000

-0.522

0.729

5 min

PBS

12% EtOH

0.177

0.208

1.000

-0.449

0.802

Red wine

0.577

0.208

0.082

-0.049

1.202

Dealcoholized wine

0.593

0.208

0.069

-0.032

1.219

12% EtOH

PBS

-0.177

0.208

1.000

-0.802

0.449

Red wine

0.400

0.208

0.435

-0.226

1.026

Dealcoholized wine

0.417

0.208

0.374

-0.209

1.042

Red wine

PBS

-0.577

0.208

0.082

-1.202

0.049

12% EtOH

-0.400

0.208

0.435

-1.026

0.226

dealcoholized wine

0.017

0.208

1.000

-0.609

0.642

Dealcoholized wine

PBS

-0.593

0.208

0.069

-1.219

0.032

12% EtOH

-0.417

0.208

0.374

-1.042

0.209

Red wine

-0.017

0.208

1.000

-0.642

0.609

  1. Based on estimated marginal means
  2. aThe mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level
  3. bAdjustment for multiple comparisons: Bonferroni