| Overall | TCM user | TCM nonuser |  |
---|
Case | PY | Ia | Case | PY | Ia | Case | PY | Ia | aHR/aCSHRb (95% CI) |
---|
Before matching |
 All-cause mortality | 32,201 | 703,192.6 | 47.4 | 14,048 | 458,457 | 30.6 | 18,153 | 244,735.7 | 74.1 | 0.48 (0.47–0.49)* |
ESRD | 13,538 | 669,671.5 | 20.2 | 7363 | 439,654.1 | 16.7 | 6175 | 230,017.3 | 26.8 | 0.74 (0.72–0.77)* |
After matching |
 All-cause mortality | 23,761 | 437,362.7 | 54.3 | 9173 | 232,106.2 | 39.5 | 14,588 | 205,256.5 | 71.1 | 0.48 (0.47–0.50)* |
 ESRD | 9407 | 414,628.6 | 22.7 | 4252 | 221,755.2 | 19.2 | 5155 | 192,873.3 | 26.7 | 0.81 (0.78–0.84)* |
- Abbreviations: aCSHR adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio, aHR adjusted hazard ratio, ESRD end-stage renal disease, TCM traditional Chinese medicine;
- *p-value <.001
- aIncidence is presented as 1000 person-year (PY)
- bAge, gender, geolocation, insurance level, comorbidities, medications, and previous TCM experience, were adjusted in the Cox regression model to evaluate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for all-cause mortality. Age, gender, geolocation, insured level, comorbidities, medications, previous experience with TCM were fitted in the competing-risk regression to evaluate the adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio (aCSHR) for ESRD