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Fig. 1 | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Dual actions on gout flare and acute kidney injury along with enhanced renal transporter activities by Yokuininto, a Kampo medicine

Fig. 1

Inhibition of uric acid and transporters by K-25 in vivo model. a In vivo uric acid level was determined using the uric acid assay kit. Uric acid detection analyses showed urine and serum levels of uric acid at 6–72 h after PO injection in different groups of mice as indicated. Concentration of PO: 0 mg/mL (blue line), 200 mg/mL (red line), 400 mg/mL (green line). b Effects of K-25 on serum in hyperuricemia mice. Mice were pretreated with 400 mg/mL of PO for 3 days prior to 300 mg/mL of K-25 treatment for 72 h. Values are mean ± standard error of the mean. **p < 0.01, compared to the PO-treated control. The specific substrates used were (c) [3H]PAH for OAT1, (d) [3H]ES for OAT3, and (e) [3H]MPP+ for OCT2 in the HEK293 overexpressing system. (f, g) Inhibitory effect of K-25 on uric acid uptake by OAT1 and URAT1 transporters in Xenopus oocytes. h Transcellular transport of prototypical substrates of BCRP was measured using monolayers of MDCK cells transfected with the MDCK genes, or of MDCK-WT control cells seeded on transwell membranes. Prazosin (2 μM), a substrate of BCRP was incubated with the MDCK-BCRP cell lines. All values are mean ± SD (triplicate in each experiment; each experiment was repeated three times). **p < 0.01, compared to OAT3. The statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001) was determined using an one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni correction

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