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Table 2 Cox model with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for coronary heart disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who did or did not receive acupuncture treatment

From: Acupuncture decreased the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Taiwan: a Nationwide propensity score-matched study

Variable

No. of event

(n = 2142)

Crudea

Adjustedb

HR

(95%CI)

p-value

HR

(95%CI)

p-value

Acupuncture

 No

1233

1.00

reference

 

1.00

reference

 

 Yes

909

0.63

(0.58–0.69)

<.0001

0.60

(0.55–0.65)

<.0001

Sex

 Female

1692

1.00

reference

 

1.00

reference

 

 Male

440

1.32

(1.19–1.47)

<.0001

1.21

(1.09–1.34)

0.0005

Age group

 18–39

126

1.00

reference

 

1.00

reference

 

 40–59

1458

4.22

(3.52–5.07)

<.0001

3.85

(3.20–4.63)

<.0001

 ≥60

548

8.76

(7.22–10.64)

<.0001

5.35

(4.37–6.56)

<.0001

Baseline Comorbidity (ref = non-site comorbidity)

 Diabetes mellitus

443

2.25

(2.03–2.50)

<.0001

1.46

(1.30–1.64)

<.0001

 Hypertension

877

2.65

(2.43–2.89)

<.0001

1.77

(1.61–1.95)

<.0001

 Hyperlipidemia

391

1.64

(1.47–1.83)

<.0001

1.08

(0.95–1.22)

0.2342

 Congestive heart failure

33

1.94

(1.37–2.73)

0.0002

1.00

(0.71–1.42)

0.9783

 Cerebral vascular diseases

267

2.09

(1.84–2.38)

<.0001

1.22

(1.07–1.40)

0.0037

 Depression

127

1.18

(0.99–1.42)

0.0664

0.97

(0.80–1.17)

0.7509

 Anxiety

312

1.20

(1.07–1.36)

0.0028

0.94

(0.83–1.07)

0.3402

 Alcoholism

2

0.54

(0.14–2.17)

0.3886

0.51

(0.13–2.05)

0.3427

 Tobacco dependence

1

0.25

(0.04–1.74)

0.1606

0.22

(0.03–1.57)

0.1316

 Obesity

18

1.38

(0.87–2.20)

0.171

1.15

(0.72–1.83)

0.5623

Drug use

 Methotrexate

1210

0.47

(0.43–0.51)

<.0001

0.64

(0.58–0.70)

<.0001

 Hydroxychloroquine

1680

0.60

(0.55–0.67)

<.0001

0.80

(0.720–.89)

<.0001

 Sulfasalazine

1437

0.66

(0.61–0.73)

<.0001

0.91

(0.82–1.00)

0.0559

 TNF-α inhibitors

105

0.35

(0.29–0.43)

<.0001

0.48

(0.39–0.59)

<.0001

 NSAIDs

2130

1.36

(0.34–5.44)

0.6638

1.73

(0.43–6.93)

0.4412

 Oral steroids

2010

0.66

(0.55–0.79)

<.0001

0.82

(0.68–0.98)

0.033

 Statins

350

1.07

(0.96–1.20)

0.2408

0.69

(0.61–0.78)

<.0001

  1. Crude HRa represents the relative hazard ratio. Adjusted HRb represents the adjusted hazard ratio mutually adjusted for acupuncture use, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, congestive heart failure, cerebral vascular diseases, depression, anxiety, alcoholism, tobacco dependence, obesity, Methotrexate, Hydroxychloroquine, Sulfasalazine, TNF-α inhibitors, oral steroids, NSAIDs and statins in Cox proportional hazard regression
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BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

ISSN: 2662-7671

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