Table 1 Minimum inhibitory concentration values (MIC) of Terminalia bellirica fruit extracts obtained by different extraction methods, against 16 MDR strains (from clinical isolates), 1 ATCC MDR strain and 3 ATCC susceptible strains
Microorganisma | Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in mg/mL | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct aqueous extracts | Sequential extracts | |||||||||||
Reflux method | Bottle- shaker method | Sonication method | Soxhlet method | Bottle-shaker method | Sonication method | |||||||
DCMb | Methanol | Aqueous | DCM | Methanol | Aqueous | DCM | Methanol | Aqueous | ||||
1 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | NAc | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
3 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
4 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
5 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
6 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
7 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.25 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
8 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 0.5 |
9 | > 5 | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | 4 | NA | > 5 | 4 | NA | > 5 | 4 |
10 | > 5 | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | 4 | NA | > 5 | 4 | NA | > 5 | 4 |
11 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | NA | 0.5 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 |
12 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 |
13 | > 5 | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 |
14 | > 5 | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 |
15 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | NA | 1 | 2 | NA | 4 | 2 | NA | 4 | 2 |
16 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | NA | 0.5 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 |
17 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | NA | 0.5 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 |
18 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | NA | 0.5 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 | 1 |
19 | > 5 | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 |
20 | > 5 | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 | NA | > 5 | > 5 |