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Table 2 Phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, nitric oxide and 15-lipoxygenase inhibition of different extracts from Croton species and positive controls

From: Croton gratissimus leaf extracts inhibit cancer cell growth by inducing caspase 3/7 activation with additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities

Plant name

Extracts

Phytochemicals

IC50 (μg/mL)

TPC (mgGAE/g)

TFC (mgQE/g)

DPPH

ABTS

NO

15-LOX

Croton gratissimus

CGA

222.29 ± 3.90a

43.35 ± 0.26a

217.64 ± 3.46a

170.51 ± 4.95a

49.24 ± 0.93a

10.97 ± 1.19a

CGE

180.61 ± 1.74b

44.39 ± 0.27a

32.18 ± 2.11b

34.95 ± 0.81b

51.93 ± 0.11a

2.58 ± 0.02b

CGW

121.92 ± 1.78c

29.50 ± 1.21b

> 500

> 500

88.90 ± 0.57b

> 100

Croton pseudopulchellus

CPA

124.05 ± 2.00c

35.88 ± 0.40c

220.34 ± 4.98a

176.94 ± 2.26a

34.64 ± 0.06c

2.64 ± 0.23b

CPE

84.28 ± 1.52d

35.62 ± 0.36c

205.96 ± 3.66a

144.01 ± 2.28c

53.49 ± 0.47a

0.57 ± 0.17c

CPW

35.10 ± 1.44e

15.97 ± 0.87d

> 500

> 500

> 100

> 100

Croton sylvaticus

CSA

112.34 ± 1.29c

82.76 ± 1.57e

285.64 ± 2.81c

165.84 ± 7.91a

68.28 ± 0.32d

11.64 ± 1.26a

CSE

180.88 ± 1.93b

84.54 ± 1.85e

252.19 ± 2.11c

134.96 ± 7.83c

78.91 ± 2.19d

2.12 ± 0.37b

CSW

99.27 ± 0.18f

26.06 ± 0.96b

> 500

> 500

> 100

> 100

Positive controls

Ascorbic acid

ND

ND

1.92 ± 0.08d

3.92 ± 0.24d

ND

ND

Trolox

ND

ND

2.21 ± 0.24d

4.64 ± 0.46d

ND

ND

Quercetin

ND

ND

ND

ND

5.82 ± 0.63e

24.60 ± 0.49d

  1. Data are presented as means of triplicate measurements ± standard error, superscript letters a-f represent statistical difference between data obtained, and for each parameter within a column of the above table, data with different letters mean significantly different at p < 0.05 while data with same letters are statistically not different.; ND = Not Determined. IC50: concentration required to inhibit the activity by 50% compared to untreated controls. CGA, CGE and CGW represent respectively acetone, ethanol and water extracts of Croton gratissimus. CPA, CPE and CPW represent respectively acetone, ethanol and water extracts of Croton pseudopulchellus. CSA, CSE and CSW represent respectively acetone, ethanol and water extracts of Croton sylvaticus. TPC: total phenolic content (mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract) and TFC: total flavonoid content (mg of quercetin equivalent per gram of extract). DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, ABTS: 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical, NO: nitric oxide, 15-LOX: 15-lipoxygenase