Induction of programmed cell death in Trypanosoma cruzi by Lippia alba essential oils and their major and synergistic terpenes (citral, limonene and caryophyllene oxide)

Table 4 Relative chemical composition and anti-proliferative effect on T. cruzi of EOs extracted from the Carvone chemotype of L. alba

Season	Material	EO^a	Extra^b Time	Part Plant	Chemical Composition			Epi^f		Tryp^j		Amas^k		Vero
Season	Material	EO^a	min^c	Part Plant	Limonene %	Carvone %	Piper^d %	BCE^e %	IC₅₀^g ± SD^h μg/mL	SIⁱ	IC₅₀^g SD^h μg/mL	SIⁱ	IC₅₀^g ± SD^h μg/mL	SIⁱ	CC₅₀^l ± SD^h μg/mL
Dry	Fresh	B7	30	AL^m	19.3	31.5	31.3	2.3	81 ± 2.4	2.5	37 ± 2.1	5.5	> 150	ND^o	203 ± 7.5
Rainy	Dry	2B8	90	YLⁿ	22.8	5.3	27.5	4.6	96 ± 4.4	1.9	47 ± 3.8	4.0	> 150	ND	186 ± 11.7
	Fresh	B16	90	AL	30.6	–	54.5	2.9	97 ± 3.2	2.2	57 ± 3.0	3.8	> 150	ND	216 ± 9.6
	Dry	B37	30	YL	32.1	–	54	4	92 ± 3.9	2.1	43 ± 1.8	4.5	> 150	ND	196 ± 18.2
	Dry	2B18	45	AL	28	–	37.8	6.8	86 ± 4.8	1.9	34 ± 3.1	4.9	> 150	ND	165 ± 10.2
	Dry	2B19	90	AL	24	–	34.3	2	78 ± 3.5	2.9	51 ± 1.4	4.4	> 150	ND	226 ± 8.5

^aEO Essential oil, ^bExtra Extraction, ^cmin Minutes, ^dPiper Piperitenone, ^eBCE Bicyclosesquiphellandrene, ^fEpi Epimastigote, ^gIC₅₀ Inhibitory concentration 50; ^hSD Standard deviation, ⁱSI Selectivity index (CC₅₀/IC₅₀), ^jTryp Trypomastigote, ^kAmas Amastigote, ^lCC₅₀ Cytotoxic concentration 50, ^mAL All leaves, ⁿYL Young leaves, ^oND Not determined

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